Migration Dynamics in Rejaf Payam, South Sudan: Inbound and Outbound Patterns and Impact on Those Left Behind

Abstract

Exploring migration patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa is vital for unravelling the intricate interplay of demographic, economic, social, and cultural forces shaping the region. This paper specifically centres on migration patterns within Rejaf Payam, Juba County, South Sudan. Its aim is to shed light on both inbound and outbound migration and their impact on vulnerable individuals who choose to stay in their original communities, with a particular focus on women. This study complements the existing literature that exclusively concentrates on the experiences of internally displaced persons and refugees either at their arrival destinations or during the migration process and overlooks the implications for those left behind. The qualitative research methodology proposed in this study is grounded in the utilisation of focus group discussions, specifically engaging traditional authorities and esteemed community stakeholders. Conducted by adequately trained enumerators, these discussions took place in March and June 2023. The methodology, features of the investigated area, migration patterns, and their effects on non-migrants are detailed, concluding with policy implications derived from qualitative evidence. The qualitative findings reveal that economic opportunities, insecurity, and adverse weather conditions predominantly drive migration. However, migrants are not reaching displaced or refugee camps only. In the investigated area, migration is often transitory or seasonal, with most migrants returning to their communities. The study highlights the adverse effects of migration on non-migrant women, who are left to assume the role of sole breadwinners and face economic hardships, social isolation, and increased vulnerability. The study recommends interventions focused on women’s empowerment, skill-building, economic opportunities, awareness campaigns to change societal attitudes, social protection programs, and psychosocial support services to address these challenges. It also emphasises the need for enhanced data collection and research efforts to inform evidence-based policies and interventions. A collaborative approach is crucial for effective implementation.