Migration Processes in Kazakhstan in the Context of the Formation of the Silk Road Economic Belt

Abstract

This article deals with the development of migration processes and problems of cooperation between Kazakhstan and China in labor migration in the context of the formation of the Silk Road EconomicBelt. The methodology used in this research includes a literature review and statistical research, which allowed for a study of the dynamics of international migration within and between the states studied. The research focuses extensively on data provided by governmental institutions and international organizations in order to establish a coherent and relevant theoretical framework. The factors concerning and features of population migration and labor migration in Kazakhstan are considered. Negative trends associated with deterioration in the quality and structure of external migration in Kazakhstan, which determine the need to regulate migration flows and attract qualified personnel, are highlighted. The creation of a platform for the exchange of views on the current state and prospects of cooperation in labor migration on the basis of the Kazakhstan-China Business Council and the SCO Business Council is identified as a priority for collaboration between Kazakhstan and China in the field of labor migration. A justification is also made for a mechanism for allocating the obligations of Kazakhstan and China as quotas and obtaining permits to attract foreign labor.

The moral embeddedness of labor market transactions in Indonesia: a study of Chinese migrant workers

“…The issues discussed are related to low wages, long working hours and the limited socio-spatial mobility (Chen, 2020; Fei, 2020; Rubbers, 2020; Kosaikanont, 2019; La-orngplew, 2019; Xiaoyang, 2016; Coniglio et al ., 2015). Other issues focus on the decision of Chinese enterprises to use Chinese workers to accelerate the projects and transfer knowledge to local workers (Tritto, 2021; Amrin et al ., 2020; Rubbers, 2020; Nguyen, 2019; Cook et al ., 2016). Moreover, several previous studies also discuss the discrimination and conflict between Chinese migrant workers and local workers (Jenkins, 2019; Lee, 2009, 2017).…”