Mild vs. moderate: How behavioral speech measures predict metacognitive capacity across different levels of formal thought disorder

Myers, Evan J; Abel, Danielle B; Hardin, Kathryn L.; Bettis, Robert J.; Beard, Ashlynn M.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Lysaker, Paul H.; Minor, Kyle S.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.11.013

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The above-mentioned results partially replicate those ( 20 , 31 ) that have shown that CD modulates the moderating effect of disorganized symptoms on the relationship between NC and MC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, when we analyze research literature that focuses on a single item of disorganization instead of all symptoms, the effect size depends on the level of the symptoms in the sample, i.e., becoming higher at higher levels of disorganized speech ( 20 , 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, path analyses allowed us to investigate the relationships among the identified variables and estimate the magnitude and hypothesized causal connections between sets of variables. Second, we assessed NC, the “third” variable ( 31 ) often omitted in studies analyzing the relationship between MC and disorganization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CD consists of incoherent sequences of ideas, which results in verbosity, and atypical features such as circumstantial, illogical or tangential speech, or weakened goal of thinking and peculiar use of words and sentence constructions ( 27–30 ). Myers et al ( 31 ) have found that only patients with formal thought disorder (FDT), as defined by PANSS CD score of ≥3, showed reduced metacognitive self-reflectivity. However, the authors did not assess NC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptual disorganization as a mediating variable between visual learning and metacognition in schizophrenia

Montemagni,

Brasso,

Bellino

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of visual learning and conceptual disorganization to specific metacognitive domains in a sample of outpatients with stable schizophrenia.MethodsA total of 92 consecutive outpatients with stable schizophrenia were recruited in a cross-sectional study. We analyzed the data with five path analyses based on multiple regressions to analyze the specific effect of visual learning on metacognitive capacity and metacognitive domains and the possible mediating role of conceptual disorganization.ResultsWe found that (i) visual learning was negatively correlated to metacognitive capacity and its domains on the one hand and conceptual disorganization on the other hand; (ii) conceptual disorganization was negatively associated with metacognition and its domains; and (iii) when the mediation effect was considered, conceptual disorganization fully mediated the relationship between visual learning and mastery, whereas it served as a partial mediator of the effect of visual learning on the other metacognition domains, i.e., self-reflectivity, understanding others’ mind, and decentration.ConclusionThese results delineate an articulated panorama of relations between different dimensions of metacognition, visual learning, and conceptual disorganization. Therefore, studies unable to distinguish between different components of metacognition fail to bring out the possibly varying links between neurocognition, disorganization, and metacognition.

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“…The above-mentioned results partially replicate those ( 20 , 31 ) that have shown that CD modulates the moderating effect of disorganized symptoms on the relationship between NC and MC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Conceptual disorganization as a mediating variable between visual learning and metacognition in schizophrenia

Montemagni,

Brasso,

Bellino

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…First, the Communication Disturbances Index (CDI; [ 35 ]) was initially used to rate communication disturbances. All transcripts were rated for communication disturbances in a previous study [ 36 ] by two CDI-trained raters: a clinical psychology graduate student and the lead author (both male; White). They identified six different types of communication disturbances (vague references, confused references, missing information references, ambiguous word meanings, wrong word references, structural unclarity) in individual IPII interviews (see [ 35 , 37 ]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrative Forewarnings: A Qualitative Analysis of the Themes Preceding Disorganized Speech in Schizophrenia

Bettis,

Faith,

Beard

et al. 2024

Behavioral Sciences

Self Cite

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Disorganized speech is a critical barrier to recovery in schizophrenia, with profound negative impacts on one’s ability to engage with the world. Despite the limited efficacy of existing treatments in addressing disorganization, a qualitative analysis of what leads to disorganization in patient narratives has been lacking. This study addresses this gap through inductive thematic analysis of 30 narrative interviews with individuals with schizophrenia, matched based on whether Formal Thought Disorder (FTD) is present. Through this analysis, we identified four core themes (alienation, interpersonal tension, personal benchmarks, and adverse experiences) and eight subthemes. Our findings suggest that disorganization may serve as a protective mechanism against psychological distress and highlight how the severity of FTD influences these themes. Alienation, particularly due to illness-related stigma, emerged more prominently in those with FTD. The themes of personal benchmarks and interpersonal tension pointed towards a heightened sensitivity to social interactions and self-perception among those with schizophrenia. Adverse experiences, encompassing past challenges, suggest a potential link between trauma and symptom exacerbation. Our qualitative analysis of what themes precede disorganized speech has implications for tailoring psychotherapy. By considering an individual’s specific triggers and level of disorganization, therapy may be more effectively targeted to improve recovery-based outcomes. By identifying themes within patient narratives, this study advances our understanding of the qualitative aspects preceding disorganized speech in schizophrenia, paving the way for more personalized and effective recovery-focused interventions.

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Psychosocial Functioning in Schizotypy: Potential Links to Social, Cognitive, and Affective Processes

Minor,

Mickens,

Russell

et al. 2023

A Dimensional Approach to Schizotypy

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Mild vs. moderate: How behavioral speech measures predict metacognitive capacity across different levels of formal thought disorder

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Conceptual disorganization as a mediating variable between visual learning and metacognition in schizophrenia

Conceptual disorganization as a mediating variable between visual learning and metacognition in schizophrenia

Narrative Forewarnings: A Qualitative Analysis of the Themes Preceding Disorganized Speech in Schizophrenia

Psychosocial Functioning in Schizotypy: Potential Links to Social, Cognitive, and Affective Processes

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