Milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows

Fan, Caiyun; Su, Di; Tian, He; Hu, Ruiting; Ran, Lei; Yang, Ying; Su, Yanjing; Cheng, Jianbo

doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(19)62834-0

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…HS in dairy cows causes reductions in milk yield and quality and reproductive performance, which lead to a tremendous economic loss to dairy cow producers. Moreover, the metabolomic disturbances induced by HS also make the dairy cows more susceptible to diseases [19]. Severe energy reduction caused by reduced DMI is responsible for the above changes of the dairy cows under HS [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on milk production performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolomics of lactating Holstein cows under heat stress

Ren

et al. 2021

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Background: Heat stress (HS) becomes a serious threat to dairy cow industry in certain circumstances, Ncarbamylglutamate (NCG) is a novel feed additive that may be used to alleviate HS. However, the effects and mechanisms of NCG on dairy cows under HS are still unknown. A total of 48 Holstein dairy cows with similar days in milk (154.37±13.56 d), parity (1-3), and body condition score (BCS) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 animals each. Under HS, the cows were fed a TMR diet supplemented with 0 (control), 15, 20, 25 g of NCG/d per cow for 60 days. Milk production performance was recorded and serum parameters were examined. Meanwhile, metabolomics study of plasma based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was also applied to investigate metabolites and pathways in response to NCG supplementation.Results: Milk yield (MY) was increased but milk urine nitrogen (MUN) was reduced by the NCG treatment.Addition of 15 g of NCG/d increased the milk protein percentage (MPP) compared with the control. No effect of NCG was observed on dry matter intake (DMI), lactose percentage (LP), milk fat percentage (MFP) and somatic cell count (SCC). Serum glucose (GLU) levels in cows fed with 15, 20, 25 g of NCG/d were increased by 14.35%, 19.34% and 18.63% in comparison with the control. Meanwhile, the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood ammonia (BA) were decreased with the addition of NCG. Results for antioxidant capacity and immune function showed bene cial effects of NCG, such as the increases in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), IgG, IgM and IgA. Clear separations of plasma metabolic pro les between control and NCG groups were observed in the score plots. Sixteen different metabolites involved in metabolisms of amino acids, ketone bodies, butanoate and energy, as well as gut microbiome-derived metabolism were regulated by NCG supplementation.Conclusions: This study found that NCG treatment improved antioxidant capacity, immune function, production performance, and metabolic pro le of dairy cows under HS and provided new evidence for the better utilization of NCG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on milk production performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolomics of lactating Holstein cows under heat stress

Ren

et al. 2021

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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“…Recent research, however, showed that the reduced nutrient intake of heatstressed cows can account for only approximately 35% of the reduction of milk synthesis (Rhoads et al, 2009;Wheelock et al, 2010). Indeed, heat stress reduces milk synthesis by both direct and indirect mechanisms (Fan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of maximum thermo-hygrometric index thresholds affecting milk production in Italian Brown Swiss cattle

Maggiolino

Dahl

Bartolomeo

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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It is known that heat stress affects dairy cow performance in multiple ways: physiological, behavioral, reproductive, and productive. The aim of the present study was to determine if a threshold of temperaturehumidity index (THI) exists for multiple milk production traits (milk yield, fat-corrected milk, protein and fat yield and percentage, energy-corrected milk, cheese production, and cheese yield) in Italian Brown Swiss dairy cows from the period 15 d before the day of the Italian Breeders Association test-day sampling. A 10yr data set (2009-2018) containing 202,776 test-day records of 23,296 Brown Swiss cows was matched with the maximum THI. In all parities considered, no THI thresholds were observed for milk yield in Brown Swiss. In contrast, a THI threshold of 75 was identified for fat-corrected milk. No THI threshold was found for fat percentage, but fat yield showed the highest THI thresholds in cows of first and second parity. Protein yield and cheese production were affected by heat stress with average THI threshold of 74. The THI thresholds identified indicate that the Brown Swiss breed has higher thermal tolerance versus literature values reported for Holstein cows. As THI rises, Brown Swiss cows tend to produce the same volume of milk, but with a decreasing quality with regard to components. Further study is necessary to estimate the genetic component of heat tolerance, in Brown Swiss cattle, considering that the correct estimation of THI thresholds represents the first step to identify components that could be included in selection procedures.

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“…Moreover, due to high ambient temperatures combined with high relative humidity in summer, the activity of some microorganisms responsible for mammary gland infections is also increased, challenging mammary defence capacity and enhancing bacterial colonization of the gland (Fig. 1) (Barkema et al ., 1998; Olde Riekerink et al ., 2007, 2008; Fan et al ., 2019; Gao et al ., 2017). Various time series studies have reported bulk tank SCC above the locally accepted level, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of heat stress on udder health of dairy cows

Rakib

Zhou

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Research

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This Research Reflection short review presents an overview of the effects of heat stress on dairy cattle udder health and discusses existing heat stress mitigation strategies for a better understanding and identification of appropriate abatement plans for future stress management. Due to high ambient temperatures with high relative humidity in summer, dairy cows respond by changes of physical, biochemical and biological pathways to neutralize heat stress resulting in decreased production performance and poorer immunity resulting in an increased incidence of intramammary infections (IMI) and a higher somatic cell count (SCC). In vitro studies on bovine polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) suggested that heat stress reduces the phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst of PMN and alters the expression of apoptotic genes and miRNA which, together with having a negative effect on the immune system, may explain the increased susceptibility to IMI. Although there are limited data regarding the incidence rate of clinical mastitis in many countries or regions, knowledge of SCC at the cow or bulk tank level helps encourage farmers to improve herd health and to develop strategies for infection prevention and cure. Therefore, more research into bulk tank SCC and clinical mastitis rates is needed to explain the effect of heat stress on dairy cow udder health and functions that could be influenced by abatement plans.

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Milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of dietary N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on milk production performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolomics of lactating Holstein cows under heat stress

Effects of dietary N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on milk production performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolomics of lactating Holstein cows under heat stress

Estimation of maximum thermo-hygrometric index thresholds affecting milk production in Italian Brown Swiss cattle

Effect of heat stress on udder health of dairy cows

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