Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of high-protein concentrates for lactating heifers and cows on intake, milk production and milk nitrogen fractions

Sutton, John; Aston, K.; Beever, D. E.; Dhanoa, M. S.

doi:10.1017/s1357729800014508

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…MUN was increased as dietary CP increased. Similar increases in MUN have been observed in other studies (Baker et al, 1995;Colin-Schoellen et al, 2000;Sutton et al, 1996).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Diet crude protein content and sources for lactating dairy cattle

Imaizumi

Santos²,

Bittar³

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Feeding extra protein as an attempt to increase amino acid flux to the intestine may increase lactational performance of dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to compare lactating dairy cow diets containing 16% crude protein (CP), adequate in rumen degradable protein (RDP) and metabolizable protein (MP) according to NRC (2001), with diets containing 17.5% CP. Forty-two Holstein cows (27 primiparous and 15 multiparous, with 172 days in milk) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin Square design with 14 replicates. Control diet consisted of 16% CP, adequate in RDP and MP . Crude protein content of diets was increased to 17.5% by feeding extra soybean meal and cottonseed meal (SBCS-17.5) to increase diet MP, or extra urea (U-17.5) to increase diet RDP. The experiment was carried out during 60 days with three periods. Animals were groupfed a total mixed ration and milked twice a day. Dry matter intake was higher for the U-17.5 diet (p < 0.15) than for the control diet. Milk (p < 0.01) and 3.5% fat corrected milk (FCM-3.5%) (p < 0.05) yields were increased by extra soybean and cottonseed meal (SBCS-17.5) but not by extra urea (U-17.5). Milk fat content and yield were not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). Milk protein content decreased (p < 0.01) by feeding extra urea (U-17.5). However, higher (p < 0.01) protein yields were observed for the SBCS-17.5 treatment. For cows milking around 29 kg d -1 , increasing diet CP content to 17.5%, by feeding extra soybean and cottonseed meal, beyond recommendations for RDP and MP, increased yields of milk, yields of 3.5% fat corrected milk and yields of milk protein.Key words: cottonseed meal, metabolizable protein, protein sources, rumen degradable protein, soybean meal Quantidades e formas de proteína dietética para vacas em lactação RESUMO: O fornecimento de dietas com maior teor de proteína para aumentar o fluxo de aminoácidos para o intestino pode aumentar o desempenho lactacional. Compararam-se dietas para vacas em lactação contendo 16% de proteína bruta (PB), adequada em proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR) e proteína metabolizável (PM) (NRC, 2001) com dietas com maiores teores de PB (17,5%) . Quarenta e duas vacas (27 primíparas e 15 multíparas, com 172 dias em lactação) foram utilizadas em um delineamento do tipo Quadrado Latino 3 × 3, com 14 repetições. A dieta controle continha 16% de PB e era adequada em PDR e PM de acordo com o NRC (2001). O teor de PB das dietas foi aumentado para 17,5% através do aumento no fornecimento de farelo de soja e de algodão (SBCS-17,5) para aumentar a PM, ou uréia (U-17,5) para aumentar a PDR. O experimento teve duração de 60 dias com três subperíodos. Os animais foram alimentados em grupo com ração completa e ordenhados duas vezes ao dia. O consumo de matéria seca foi maior para a dieta U-17,5 (p < 0,15) do que para a dieta controle. A produção de leite (p < 0,01) e de leite corrigido para gordura 3,5% (LCG-3,5%) (p < 0,05) foram aumentadas com o maior fornecimento de farelo de soja e de algodão (SBCS-17,5) mas não pelo maior fornecime...

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“…MUN was increased as dietary CP increased. Similar increases in MUN have been observed in other studies (Baker et al, 1995;Colin-Schoellen et al, 2000;Sutton et al, 1996).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Diet crude protein content and sources for lactating dairy cattle

Imaizumi

Santos²,

Bittar³

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Grass silage quality was quite typical according to Steen et al (1998) and MAFF (1992). The effect of the treatments on silage DMI was similar to the results of Sutton et al (1996) and Santos et al (1998). On a grass silage diet, Sutton et al (1996) increased the CP concentration (200, 300, and 400 g CP/ kg DM) in the concentrate using soybean meal and fish meal, and at equal concentrate intakes no significant effects on silage DMI were detected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The effect of the treatments on silage DMI was similar to the results of Sutton et al (1996) and Santos et al (1998). On a grass silage diet, Sutton et al (1996) increased the CP concentration (200, 300, and 400 g CP/ kg DM) in the concentrate using soybean meal and fish meal, and at equal concentrate intakes no significant effects on silage DMI were detected. Similar results were observed by Santos et al (1998), who compared 15 trials with dairy cows supplemented with soybean meal vs treated soybean meal and concluded that total DMI was unaffected by increasing supplies of RUP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

The effect of protein supplementation on nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows fed grass silage diets.

Castillo

Kebreab

Beever

et al. 2001

Journal of Animal Science

187

117

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The study set out to examine the effects of supplementing grass silage with various levels of protein concentration and degradability on dietary nitrogen (N) excretion in lactating dairy cows consuming at least 60% forage. Six Holstein/Friesian cows in early to midlactation were offered six diets comprising two levels of crude protein (210 and 290 g/kg DM) and three levels of protein degradability in the concentrate achieved using different amounts of untreated or formaldehyde-treated soybean meal. Despite a difference of almost 100 g/d in N intake, apparent fecal and milk N outputs were not significantly affected. Protein degradability also had no effect on N outputs in feces and milk. However, there was a major effect of both level and degradability of CP on urinary N output. Moreover, an interaction between level and degradability of CP was detected, such that the rate at which urinary N increases with increasing CP degradability was higher on the high-CP than on the low-CP diet. A low level of protein (150 g/kg DM in the diet) and medium to low rumen-degradable protein supplements provided a significant reduction in N excretion without compromising lactational performance (mean 24.8 kg/d), in terms of both milk yield and composition. This study also demonstrated that a high efficiency of N utilization could be achieved on low-CP diets (supplying less than 400 g N/d), with feces being the main route of N excretion, whereas an exponential excretion of urinary N was observed as N intake exceeded 400 g N/d.

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“…Casein concentration in milk is closely related to the diet of the dairy cow and can be increased with increases in both dietary CP and energy (Sutton et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of high and low levels of supplementation on milk production, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and milk protein fractions in late-lactation dairy cows

Reid

O’Donovan

Murphy

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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To fill the feed deficit in the autumn/late lactation period in a seasonal grazing system, supplementation is required. This study aimed to investigate the use of baled grass silage or concentrate as supplementation to grazing dairy cows in late lactation. Eighty-four grass-based spring-calving dairy cows, averaging 212d in milk, were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments [high grass allowance (HG), low grass allowance (LG), grass with a low concentrate allocation (GCL), grass with a low grass silage allocation (GSL), grass with a high concentrate allocation (GCH), and grass with a high grass silage allocation (GSH)] to measure the effects of using baled grass silage or concentrate as supplements to grazed grass. Effects on intake, milk yield, milk composition and N fractions, and N utilization efficiency were measured. Treatments HG and LG received 17 and 14kg of dry matter (DM) grass/cow per d, respectively. Treatments GCL and GSL were offered 14kg of DM grass/cow per d and 3kg of DM of supplementation/cow per d. Treatments GCH and GSH were offered 11kg of DM grass/cow per d and 6kg of DM of supplementation/cow per d. Milk yield was greatest in the GCH treatment and milk solids yield was greatest in both concentrate-supplemented treatments. The HG and LG treatments excreted a greater quantity of N as a proportion of N intake than the supplemented treatments. The HG treatment also excreted the greatest total quantity of N. This indicates an improvement in N utilization efficiency when supplementation is offered compared with grazing only. Offering 6kg of DM of either grass silage or concentrate as supplementation decreased milk true protein concentration compared with offering a grass-only diet. This suggests that increasing the proportion of supplementation relative to grass may negatively affect milk processability, which is associated with milk true protein concentration.

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Milk production from grass silage diets: effects of high-protein concentrates for lactating heifers and cows on intake, milk production and milk nitrogen fractions

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Diet crude protein content and sources for lactating dairy cattle

Diet crude protein content and sources for lactating dairy cattle

The effect of protein supplementation on nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows fed grass silage diets.

The effect of high and low levels of supplementation on milk production, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and milk protein fractions in late-lactation dairy cows

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