Milk yield and composition in dairy cows with post-partum disorders

Bondan, Carlos; Folchini, Jéssica Aneris; Guimarães, Lia Buarque de Macedo; Noro, Mirela; Zanella, Ricardo; Alves, Leonardo Porto; Fontaneli, R. S.; González, Félix Hilario Díaz

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12095

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Milk fat can be a very interesting indicator for assessing metabolic stress in the form of lipolysis and ketogenesis, because it correlates with NEFA and BHB in the blood, so that the slope of the regression curve is similar in all periods of lactation, which gives additional value to this parameter. In earlier research, it was found that in cows with metabolic disease in early lactation there is a change in the value of milk fat and the milk fat to protein ratio [27]. Milk fat is an indicator to which special attention must be paid in the future, especially because this parameter is measured routinely and daily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk parameters originate from blood and food components, and elucidating relationships among these parameters individually in food, blood and milk helps to understand the health and production status of animals [21][22][23][24][25]. Milk may be a preferred matrix whenever possible because it is non-invasive and easy to collect, and it is often used to identify ketosis and other production disease [26,27]. Variations in milk fat and milk BHB levels indicate lipomobilization and ketogenesis [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between Milk and Blood Biochemical Parameters and Metabolic Status in Dairy Cows during Lactation

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to determine blood and milk metabolic parameters and their correlations for the purpose of evaluating metabolic status in dairy cows. Blood and milk samples were collected from 100 Holstein dairy cows during morning milking. The cows were allocated to four groups according to the production period, including cows in early (n = 18), full (n = 26), mid (n = 25) and late (n = 31) lactation. The value of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TChol), total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, urea, total bilirubin (TBil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and lactate dexydrogenase (LDH) in the blood were determined. The following milk parameters were measured: fat, protein, lactose, urea, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH and BHB. Blood serum NEFA, BHB, TBil, AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were higher in early lactation cows, whereas glucose, TP, globulin and urea levels were significantly lower in early lactation cows. Milk fat and lactose levels were lower in early lactation cows, whereas milk protein and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH in milk were highly greater in early lactation cows. Milk fat was positively correlated with glucose, TP and TG, and negatively correlated with BHB, NEFA, TBil, ALT, LDH and ALP levels in the blood. Enzyme activities in milk were positively correlated with those in blood and with blood NEFA, BHB and TBil levels, and negatively correlated with blood glucose, TChol and TG. A significant positive correlation existed between blood and milk BHB values. Many correlations showed the same slope during all lactation periods. In conclusion, similar changes in blood and milk metabolite concentration during lactation and milk to blood correlations confirm that milk has great potential in predicting of blood metabolites and metabolic status of cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Milk and Blood Biochemical Parameters and Metabolic Status in Dairy Cows during Lactation

et al. 2022

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“…The main feed in the summer is young green forage rich in protein, which increases milk yield (Auldist et al, 2013). In cows fed a TMR diet, these differences may be due to factors such as the stage of lactation or the animals' overall health condition (Jóźwik et al, 2012;Bondan et al, 2021). Differences in milk composition between seasons were described by many authors analysing milk from both organic farms (Kuczyńska et al, 2011) and conventional farms, mainly those using traditional feeding (Barłowska and Litwińczuk, 2006;Barłowska et al, 2013;Brodziak et al, 2020;Florio et al, 2022).…”

Section: Milk Yield and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Value and Technological Parameters of Milk From Organic and Conventional Farms in Poland

Barłowska,

Wójcik-Saganek,

Litwińczuk

et al. 2024

Annals of Animal Science

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The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional value and technological parameters of milk produced in organic and conventional farming systems, taking into account the breeds of cow, feeding system, and season of production in Poland. A total of 413 milk samples were analysed, of which 220 were from Simmental cows raised on organic farms and 193 were from conventional farms, including 64 from Polish Black-and White cows fed in a traditional system, as well as 65 from Simmental cows and 64 from Holstein-Friesian cows fed in a TMR (Total Mixed Ration) system. The milk was analysed for content of fat, protein, lactose, and urea; somatic cell count; suitability for processing (active and titratable acidity, casein content, protein-to-fat ratio, heat stability, and rennet coagulation); and content of biologically active substances (whey proteins, fatty acids, and macro-and microelements). Simmental cows from organic farms had the lowest daily milk yield, with the lowest concentrations of basic nutrients. However, it was a richer source of α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin and lysozyme and had the highest content of PUFAs. It also had a favourable protein-to-fat ratio and the shortest rennet clotting time, but it contained less Ca, Mg and Zn than milk from farms using a TMR system. The season of production had a greater influence on the composition, nutritional value and technological parameters of milk from farms using traditional feeding, including organic farms, compared to those using a TMR diet. Milk from organic farms obtained in the summer season contained more dry matter, including total protein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and lysozyme. It was also characterised by a more preferable fatty acid profile, i.e. lower content of SFA and higher of UFA, including MUFA and PUFA. In turn, milk from the winter season contained more fat and showed better heat stability. At farms using traditional feeding regimens, both organic and conventional, the production period had a more significant impact on the differentiation of the content of mineral components in milk (mainly macroelements).

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“…Milk is a preferred matrix for monitoring the health status of dairy cows since it is non-invasive and easy to collect, and it is frequently used to identify ketosis and other production problems [1,2]. Milk fat and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) levels vary, indicating lipomobilization and ketogenesis [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line Registered Milk Fat-to-Protein Ratio for the Assessment of Metabolic Status in Dairy Cows

Antanaitis,

Džermeikaitė,

Januškevičius

et al. 2023

Animals

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This study endeavors to ascertain alterations in the in-line registered milk fat-to-protein ratio as a potential indicator for evaluating the metabolic status of dairy cows. Over the study period, farm visits occurred biweekly on consistent days, during which milk composition (specifically fat and protein) was measured using a BROLIS HerdLine in-line milk analyzer (Brolis Sensor Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania). Clinical examinations were performed at the same time as the farm visits. Blood was drawn into anticoagulant-free evacuated tubes to measure the activities of GGT and AST and albumin concentrations. NEFA levels were assessed using a wet chemistry analyzer. Using the MediSense and FreeStyle Optium H systems, blood samples from the ear were used to measure the levels of BHBA and glucose in plasma. Daily blood samples were collected for BHBA concentration assessment. All samples were procured during the clinical evaluations. The cows were categorized into distinct groups: subclinical ketosis (SCK; n = 62), exhibiting elevated milk F/P ratios without concurrent clinical signs of other post-calving diseases; subclinical acidosis (SCA; n = 14), characterized by low F/P ratios (<1.2), severe diarrhea, and nondigestive food remnants in feces, while being free of other post-calving ailments; and a healthy group (H; n = 20), comprising cows with no clinical indications of illness and an average milk F/P ratio of 1.2. The milk fat-to-protein ratios were notably higher in SCK cows, averaging 1.66 (±0.29; p < 0.01), compared to SCA cows (0.93 ± 0.1; p < 0.01) and healthy cows (1.22). A 36% increase in milk fat-to-protein ratio was observed in SCK cows, while SCA cows displayed a 23.77% decrease. Significant differences emerged in AST activity, with SCA cows presenting a 26.66% elevation (p < 0.05) compared to healthy cows. Moreover, SCK cows exhibited a 40.38% higher NEFA concentration (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was identified between blood BHBA and NEFA levels (r = 0.321, p < 0.01), as well as a negative association between BHBA and glucose concentrations (r = −0.330, p < 0.01). Notably, AST displayed a robust positive correlation with GGT (r = 0.623, p < 0.01). In light of these findings, this study posits that milk fat-to-protein ratio comparisons could serve as a non-invasive indicator of metabolic health in cows. The connections between milk characteristics and blood biochemical markers of lipolysis and ketogenesis suggest that these markers can be used to check the metabolic status of dairy cows on a regular basis.

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Milk yield and composition in dairy cows with post-partum disorders

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Relationships between Milk and Blood Biochemical Parameters and Metabolic Status in Dairy Cows during Lactation

Relationships between Milk and Blood Biochemical Parameters and Metabolic Status in Dairy Cows during Lactation

Nutritional Value and Technological Parameters of Milk From Organic and Conventional Farms in Poland

In-Line Registered Milk Fat-to-Protein Ratio for the Assessment of Metabolic Status in Dairy Cows

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