Milker’s nodule: An under‐reported and under‐diagnosed occupational infection

Poudel, Guru Prasad; Agrawal, Sudha; Dhakal, Sushil

doi:10.1002/ccr3.2850

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Normalerweise heilen Melkerknoten innerhalb von 3-6 Wochen ohne Narbenbildung ab. 245 In seltenen Fällen kann eine PCPV-Infektion zu einem Erythema exsudativum multiforme führen. Melkerknoten, auch Paravaccinia genannt, wird durch das Pseudocowpox-Virus (PCPV) verursacht, das Rinder auf der ganzen Welt infiziert, aber durch direkten Kontakt auch auf den Menschen übergehen kann.…”

Section: Melkerknoten (Paravaccinia)unclassified

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Pockenvirusinfektionen in der Dermatologie

Obermeier,

Buder,

Hillen

2024

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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ZusammenfassungDie Familie Poxviridae umfasst derzeit 22 Gattungen, die Wirbeltiere infizieren können. Humanpathogene Pockenviren gehören den Gattungen Ortho‐, Para‐, Mollusci‐ und Yatapoxvirus an. Bis zur Eradikation der Variola vera im Jahr 1979 waren die Pocken, im Volksmund auch Blattern genannt, eine schwerwiegende Gesundheitsbedrohung für die Bevölkerung. Noch heute sind Dermatologen mit zahlreichen Pockenvirusinfektionen konfrontiert, wie den Bauernhofpocken, die als Zoonosen nach Tierkontakten in ländlichen Gebieten oder nach Massenversammlungen auftreten können. In den Tropen können Erkrankungen durch Tanapox‐ oder Vaccinia‐Viren zu den Differenzialdiagnosen gehören. Dellwarzen sind weltweit verbreitet und werden in bestimmten Fällen als sexuell übertragbare Pockenvirusinfektion angesehen. In jüngster Zeit hatten sich Mpox (Affenpocken) zu einer gesundheitlichen Notlage von internationaler Tragweite entwickelt, die eine rasche Identifizierung und angemessene Behandlung durch Dermatologen und Infektiologen erfordert. Fortschritte und neue Erkenntnisse über Epidemiologie, Diagnose, klinische Manifestationen und Komplikationen sowie Behandlung und Prävention von Pockenvirusinfektionen erfordern ein hohes Maß an Fachwissen und interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit in den Bereichen Virologie, Infektiologie und Dermatologie. Dieser CME‐Artikel bietet einen aktualisierten systematischen Überblick, um praktizierende Dermatologen bei der Identifizierung, Differenzialdiagnose und Behandlung klinisch relevanter Pockenvirusinfektionen zu unterstützen.

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Section: Melkerknoten (Paravaccinia)unclassified

“…Der Kontakt mit Nutztieren und/oder der Beruf des Patienten (zum Beispiel Metzger) sind oft wegweisend. 224,225,245 Für den Labornachweis ist die RT-PCR die gängige Methode. Virale Kulturen, zum Beispiel auf Rinder-Sertoli-Zellen, können für Forschungszwecke verwendet werden.…”

Section: Diagnoseunclassified

Pockenvirusinfektionen in der Dermatologie

Obermeier,

Buder,

Hillen

2024

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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“…Usually, milker's nodules heal within 3-6 weeks, without scarring. 245 PCPV infection can rarely lead to erythema exsudativum multiforme. Milker's nodule, also known as paravaccinia, is caused by pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), which primarily infects cattle worldwide but can spill over to humans, mainly via direct contact.…”

Section: Milker's Nodule (Paravaccinia)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first step towards the diagnosis of farmyard pox is a thorough patient assessment, including and focusing on farm animal contact and/or occupation of the patient (e.g., butchers). 224,225,245 For laboratory confirmation, RT-PCR is the mainstay method. Viral cultures, e.g., on bovine Sertoli cells, can serve for research purposes.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Poxvirus infections in dermatology – the neglected, the notable, and the notorious

Obermeier,

Buder,

Hillen

2023

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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SummaryThe family Poxviridae currently comprises 22 genera that infect vertebrates. Of these, members of the Ortho‐, Para‐, Mollusci‐ and Yatapoxvirus genera have been associated with human diseases of high clinical relevance in dermatology. Historically, smallpox had been a notorious health threat until it was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1979. Today, dermatologists are confronted with a variety of poxviral infections, such as farmyard pox, which occurs as a zoonotic infection after contact with animals. In the tropics, tanapox or vaccinia may be in the differential diagnosis as neglected tropical dermatoses. Molluscum contagiosum virus infection accounts for significant disease burden worldwide and is classified as a sexually transmitted infection in certain scenarios. Recently, mpox (monkeypox) has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern, requiring rapid recognition and appropriate management by dermatologists and infectious disease specialists. Advances and new insights into the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and complications, treatment, and prevention of poxviral infections require a high level of expertise and interdisciplinary skills from healthcare professionals linking virology, infectious diseases, and dermatology. This CME article provides a systematic overview and update to assist the practicing dermatologist in the identification, differential diagnosis, and management of poxviral infections.

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“…Milker's nodule (also known as pseudocowpox) is caused by the Milker's nodule virus (Paravaccinia virus) infection, Paravaccinia virus is a DNA virus belonging to the Parapoxvirus Genus, which can be transmitted from infected cattle, cattle by‐products or fomites to the human, mostly, human infection with the Milker's nodule virus is an occupational incident 36,43–46 . Compared with Orf, both the Orf and Milker's nodules display nearly identical clinical and histopathologic features, which are caused by a different virus but from the same Parapoxvirus genus 43 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing diagnostic accuracy in common human poxvirus infections during mpox outbreak: A dermoscopy review

Li,

Zhao,

et al. 2023

Skin Research and Technology

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Poxviruses belong to the Poxviridae family, a group of pathogens known for their high infectivity in humans, posing significant health threats. One of the most well‐known representatives of poxvirus infections is smallpox, which has been successfully eradicated. However, in recent years, there has been a resurgence in cases of mpox, another member of the Poxviridae family, raising concerns about the potential for a global pandemic or a worldwide health crisis. While the typical clinical presentation of mpox and other poxvirus infections often involves cutaneous lesions, there have been reports of various atypical and non‐classic clinical manifestations. Dermoscopy has emerged as a crucial diagnostic tool, aiding dermatologists in clinical practice to make informed decisions. In this summary, we provide an overview of the clinical and dermoscopic features of representative cutaneous lesions associated with human poxvirus infections, including mpox, orf, milker's nodule, and molluscum contagiosum.

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Milker’s nodule: An under‐reported and under‐diagnosed occupational infection

Abstract: Single or multiple minimal painful nodulo‐ulcerative lesions over hand in dairy farm worker suggest likelihood of Milker's nodule.Use of personal protective equipment and antiseptics suffice treatment without unnecessary investigation and medicine.

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Pockenvirusinfektionen in der Dermatologie

Pockenvirusinfektionen in der Dermatologie

Poxvirus infections in dermatology – the neglected, the notable, and the notorious

Enhancing diagnostic accuracy in common human poxvirus infections during mpox outbreak: A dermoscopy review

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