Millimeter-Wave Communications

Sánchez, Manuel García

doi:10.3390/electronics9020251

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Microwave communication came into application in the 1950s as an advanced communication technology, and uses electromagnetic waves with a frequency between 300 MHz and 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 mm and 1 m for communication, which is divided into three frequency bands: ultra high frequency (UHF), 300 MHz to 3 GHz, super high frequency (SHF), 3–30 GHz, and extremely high frequency (EHF), 30–300 GHz 1,2 . Future mobile communication will be developed towards millimeter‐wave frequency range concentrated in 24.25–52.6 GHz 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, HfO 2 has attracted extensive scientific interest as a promising oxide material, especially for the unique ferroelectricity in HfO 2 ‐based films 6 . Ferroelectricity in Si, Y, and Al doped HfO 2 films, 6–10 even undoped HfO 2 films, 11 has been reported on. However, there is little research on HfO 2 ceramics, and no ferroelectricity has been reported in HfO 2 ‐based ceramics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf_1‐_xTi_xO₂ ceramics

et al. 2021

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Hf 1-x Ti x O 2 dense ceramics were prepared by a standard solid-state reaction process, and the microwave dielectric properties in a wide frequency range were determined together with structure evolution. With increasing x, the structure gradually changed from HfO 2 -based solid solution (monoclinic in space group P2 1 /c, x ≤ 0.05) to HfTiO 4 (orthorhombic in space group Pbcn, x = 0.5), and the two phase regions were determined for 0.1 ≤x < 0.5 and x = 0.55. The microwave dielectric properties of HfO 2 ceramics at 10 GHz were determined as ε r = 14, Qf = 24 500 GHz, τ f = -50 ppm/°C. With Ti-substitution, the microwave dielectric characteristics, especially the Qf value, could be significantly improved, and the best combination of microwave dielectric characteristics was achieved at x = 0.05: ε r = 17, Qf = 84 020 GHz (at 7.8 GHz) and 151 260 GHz (at 27.9 GHz), and τ f = -47 ppm/°C. The smallest temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τ f = -4.8 ppm/°C) was obtained for x = 0.55 together with a Qf value of 52 370 GHz at 5.0 GHz and 60 390 GHz at 17.9 GHz, where the dielectric constant was 40. Moreover, Hf 1-x Ti x O 2 microwave dielectric ceramics might be very competitive in the future of mobile communication technology due to their excellent compatibility with Si.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf_1‐_xTi_xO₂ ceramics

et al. 2021

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“…Different applications, such as complementing terrestrial RANs with unmanned arial vehicles (UAVs), can be cost-effective and flexible strategies with the 5G radio access networks, as reported in [2]. Furthermore, the mm-wave technology is capable of meeting the increasing demands of wireless applications [3][4][5][6]. However, in the electrical domain, the generation of mm waves with high frequency remains a challenge due to the current restrictions on frequency responses of electronic devices and equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Phase Noise on the Optical Millimeter-Wave Signal in the DWDM-RoF System

et al. 2022

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In this study, we examined the effect of phase noise on the optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal in a dense wavelength division multiplexing radio-over-fiber (DWDM-RoF) system. A single modulator was used to generate the optical mm-wave signal in the DWDM-RoF system. This paper addresses the impact of phase noise, which results from phase imbalance, on the optical mm-wave signal. To lower the effect of phase noise on the optical mm-wave signal, the phase imbalance should be controlled. The phase imbalance can be controlled and decreased by adjusting the phase at the phase shift (PS). The system performance was analyzed using various parameters such as bit error rate (BER), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), and error vector magnitude (EVM). From the results, we found the phase imbalance affected the optical mm-wave signal due to the imbalanced splitting of the signal intensity at the MZM. The phase imbalance impacts the phase noise, which impacts the optical mm-wave signal. The phase noise could be decreased by controlling the phase imbalance at the phase of 5π/12. The best results at the phase of 5π/12 were collected for phase noise at 0.02 degrees.

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“…More than ten times more than nowadays will be the increment of the number of connected devices. The transition from microwave to millimeter-wave (MMW) frequency bands may be achieved in gradual steps to take advantage of the higher capacity, decreasing the system latency, higher bandwidth, as well as a large amount of available spectrum [1][2][3][4]. There are many frequency bands assigned by the FCC [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slotted Antenna Array with Enhanced Radiation Characteristics for 5G 28 GHz Communications

et al. 2022

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This paper presents a 1 × 4 linear antenna array working at 28 GHz for 5G communication systems. The proposed array employs four rectangular slotted antenna elements fed by a 1 × 4 T-power divider. An artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) layer is placed below the array for increasing the radiation intensity and improving overall array gain. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed array with (|S11| < −10 dB) is extended from 25.36 to 26.03 GHz (with a bandwidth of 0.67 GHz) and from 26.75 to 28.81 GHz (with a bandwidth of 2.06 GHz). The proposed array design exhibits a measured gain value that varies between 11.8 dBi and 13.1 dBi within the operating bands and reaches 13.1 dBi at 28 GHz. The proposed array achieves a radiation efficiency of 83.05%, and a front-to-back ratio ranging between 15 and 20 dB across the operating frequency band. The array is fabricated and tested with good matching between the simulated and tested outcomes. The improved performance of the array makes it a suitable candidate for 5G new radio (NR) communications.

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Millimeter-Wave Communications

Abstract: For the last few decades, the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band (30–300 GHz) has been seen as a serious candidate to host very high data rate communications [...]

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf_1‐_xTi_xO₂ ceramics

Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf_1‐_xTi_xO₂ ceramics

Effect of Phase Noise on the Optical Millimeter-Wave Signal in the DWDM-RoF System

Slotted Antenna Array with Enhanced Radiation Characteristics for 5G 28 GHz Communications

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Millimeter-Wave Communications

Abstract: For the last few decades, the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band (30–300 GHz) has been seen as a serious candidate to host very high data rate communications [...]

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf1‐xTixO2 ceramics

Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf1‐xTixO2 ceramics

Effect of Phase Noise on the Optical Millimeter-Wave Signal in the DWDM-RoF System

Slotted Antenna Array with Enhanced Radiation Characteristics for 5G 28 GHz Communications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf_1‐_xTi_xO₂ ceramics

Structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of Hf_1‐_xTi_xO₂ ceramics