Millimeter-Wave Integrated Phased Arrays

Zhao, Dixian; Gu, Peng; Zhong, Jiecheng; Peng, Na; Yang, Mengru; Yi, Yongran; Zhang, Jiajun; He, Pingyang; Chai, Yunpeng; Chen, Zhihui; You, Xiaohu

doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3093093

Cited by 68 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…A broad picture on reconfigurable reflect-and transmitarray topologies are provided in [39], [40], [41], [42]. A summary of current and potential antenna packaging technologies for terrestrial 5G and beyond applications were given in [43], [44], [45], [46], whereas the authors of [47], [48] provided a review of recent mn-wave integrated circuits.…”

Section: Motivation Contribution and Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Satellite, fifth generation (5G), and sixth generation (6G) mobile communication systems operating at micro-and millimeter wave frequencies are an essential pillar in advanced network architectures for high-throughput low latency services. The decisive factors for this current development were the significant technological advances accomplished over the last two decades, which meanwhile enable highly integrated, feature-rich, and cost-effective realizations of complete phased array transceiver topologies. Motivated through the today's trend for heterogeneous constellation types to provide truly global coverage, this contribution reviews the current state-of-the-art of electronically steerable antennas for terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication systems up to 100 GHz. First, the potential benefits and limitations of the most relevant technologies are contrasted and put into context with recent system architectures for adaptive beamforming. Their operating principles along with various experimental implementation and achievements providing advanced capabilities such as multi-band/multi-beam operation, polarization agility, and wideangle scanning are thoroughly presented. Particular emphasis is laid on the review of direct radiating arrays, quasi-optical antenna configurations, and metasurface-based antennas.INDEX TERMS Satellite communications on the move (SOTM), fifth generation (5G), sixth generation (6G), hybrid satellite constellations, aerial networks, electronic steering, phased array, antennas.This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. TOBIAS CHALOUN (Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.-Ing. degree and the Dr.-Ing. degree (with hons.

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Section: Motivation Contribution and Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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“…The RMS phase error was used to characterize the phase variation in the VGA. T specific formula for calculating RMS phase error is expressed as To further achieve the ultrahigh average sidelobe suppression ratio of the beamforming to ensure beamforming quality and chain data rate, the VGA was suggested to achieve a gain step of less than 0.5 dB [10]. As for insertion loss compensation of PSs, higher gain steps were also required, to avoid introducing extra gain errors.…”

Section: Dac Variable Gain Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For phased array systems, sidelobe suppression is very important, which directly determines the signal quality of the entire link. In order to achieve less than −30 dB sidelobe suppression, for a 16-element phased array, a range of gain tuning of about 12 dB is required, according to Taylor's method [10]. Based on the two applications mentioned above, a new generation VGAs should have reconfigurable characteristics of gain tuning range and gain step to simultaneously serve both purposes, which can greatly increase the flexibility of phased array systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wideband Reconfigurable CMOS VGA Based on an Asymmetric Capacitor Technique with a Low Phase Variation

2022

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This paper presents a wideband digitally controlled variable gain amplifier (VGA) with a reconfigurable gain tuning range and gain step in a 65 nm CMOS process. A unique asymmetric capacitor-based reconfigurable technique is proposed to extend the gain tuning range and realize gain step reconfiguration. An active neutralization topology based on a stackless transistor is utilized to compensate for the additional phase shift introduced by the gain tuning. Moreover, a current-type digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is also integrated for easier precise gain control. With the asymmetric capacitor varying from 1000 fF to 200 fF with a step of 400 fF, the proposed VGA achieves a 12.2/9.2/6.1 dB gain tuning range with a 0.4/0.3/0.2 dB gain resolution, respectively. At the maximum gain tuning range mode, the measured minimum root-mean-square (RMS) phase error is 1.7° at 23.4 GHz. At the finest gain step control mode, the RMS phase error measured across 20–30 GHz is lower than 1.9°. The tested result also shows the proposed VGA achieves a peak gain of 13 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth of 21.4–29 GHz, and the output 1 dB compression point (OP1dB) is up to 8.6 dBm at 25 GHz.

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“…I N THE above article [1], Table III makes the comparison between the phase shifters with different topologies. The work in [2] is referred in the comparison table, which presents the designs of two active vector-modulated phase shifters (VMPS).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [2], one of the presented test chips is with relatively small chip size and the other shows increased gain. In Table III of the work in [1], only the design with small chip size is included. For the completeness of the comparison, the performances of both designs are now shown in Table I.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrections to “Millimeter-Wave Integrated Phased Arrays” [early access, Jul 12, 21 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2021.3093093]

Zhao

Zhong

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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Millimeter-Wave Integrated Phased Arrays

Cited by 68 publications

References 90 publications

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

Electronically Steerable Antennas for Future Heterogeneous Communication Networks: Review and Perspectives

A Wideband Reconfigurable CMOS VGA Based on an Asymmetric Capacitor Technique with a Low Phase Variation

Corrections to “Millimeter-Wave Integrated Phased Arrays” [early access, Jul 12, 21 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2021.3093093]

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