MIMO Antennas: Design Approaches, Techniques and Applications

Abstract

The excessive use of digital platforms with rapidly increasing users in the wireless domain enforces communication systems to provide information with high data rates, high reliability and strong transmission connection quality. Wireless systems with single antenna elements are not able to accomplish the desired needs. Therefore, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are getting more attention in modern high-speed communication systems and play an essential part in the current generation of wireless technology. However, along with their ability to significantly increase channel capacity, it is a challenge to achieve an optimal isolation in a compact size for fifth-generation (5G) terminals. Portable devices, automobiles, handheld gadgets, smart phones, wireless sensors, radio frequency identification and other applications use MIMO antenna systems. In this review paper, the fundamentals of MIMO antennas, the performance parameters of MIMO antennas, and different design approaches and methodologies are discussed to realize the three most commonly used MIMO antennas, i.e., ultra-wideband (UWB), dual-band and circularly polarized antennas. The recent MIMO antenna design approaches with UWB, dual band and circularly polarized characteristics are compared in terms of their isolation techniques, gain, efficiency, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity loss (CCL). This paper is very helpful to design suitable MIMO antennas applicable in UWB systems, satellite communication systems, GSM, Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN and many more. The issues with MIMO antenna systems in the indoor environment along with possible solutions to improve their performance are discussed. The paper also focuses on the applications of MIMO characteristics for future sixth-generation (6G) technology.

A miniaturized aperture‐coupled 4 × 4 MIMO array SIW antenna at K band

“…In Sharma et al, 16 a 4 × 4 MIMO microstrip antenna is designed. To improve isolation between its elements, a periodic arrangement of CSRR metamaterial structures is employed.…”

Teaching and Learning Optimization method for multi- channel wireless mesh networks with MIMO links

“…Various routing, channel assignment, capacity and scheduling algorithms [1][2][3][4][5][6] have been proposed for non-MIMO WMNs, but those conventional algorithms did not consider the effects of multiple antennas and could not leverage the benefits, brought by MIMO in wireless mesh networks. MIMO has been widely studied for single point-to-point link or point-to-multipoint transmission scenarios [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], where the main focus is on physical and MAC layer. As far as we know, research on multichannel MIMO WMNs is very limited and only few results are available [8,9].…”

“…In addition, they only considered routing, not scheduling, in their formulation to optimize the total network throughput. For multi-hop networks, Sushant Sharma et al [1] described the Cooperative Communication (CC) in multi-hop wireless networks model by studying a joint relay node assignment and multi-hop flow routing problem and MIMO Antenna Design [3]This optimization problem is inherently difficult due to its mixed-integer nature and very large solution space. The joint optimization problem of routing and scheduling in multichannel WMNs [4] proposed a column generation-based decomposition approach to solve the optimization problem.…”

Circumferential slots based decoupled wideband MIMO antenna for 5G and sub-6 GHz applications

“…It is noted that the signal quality is typically reduced by multipath interference consequently lowers the effective data rate [1][2][3]. The MIMO techniques used in ultra-wideband technology, including diversity, multiplexing, and beamforming, improve the performance of wireless systems in environments with interference and fading [4]. The antenna suggested in [5] has a large design and does not capture the complete UWB bandwidth.…”