Mineral analysis and its extraction process of ilmenite rocks in titanium-rich cumulates from Pandeglang Banten Indonesia

Gunanto, Yohanes Edi; Sitompul, Henni; Izaak, Maya Puspitasari; Jobiliong, Eric; Sarwanto, Yosef; Adi, Wisnu Ari

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.02.005

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Studio analysis in the form of processing and processing field data in geo-magnet using Mag 2 DC and Surfer software. The processing results will get a two-dimensional cross-section interpreted using classification [10]. The results of geomagnetic data processing will provide a vertical and lateral picture of the subsurface in the form of distribution, rock dimensions, lithology conditions, and geological structures, especially rocks that have the potential to become slip planes in cases of ground motion that have occurred.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Rock Contact Lithology of the Nanggulan Formation with the Magnetic Method in the Hargorejo Area of Kulon Progo

Fatimah,

Rizqi

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The Nanggulan Formation is a formation unit consisting of sandstone, clay, and other sedimentary rocks. Lithological contact between clay and geologically old andesite could indicate an avalanche. The magnetic method in collecting data uses a natural magnetic source with a proton magnetometer. Acquisition data was determined according to the survey design, namely a grid with a distance of 250 meters per point. Data processing to remove noise data, namely noise from magnetic storms, position and altitude, and other natural disturbances. Later, Processing will produce a magnetic anomaly map, which must be separated between local and regional anomalies. This local anomaly will later form the basis for 2.5-dimensional modeling. This 2.5-dimensional modeling can get an overview of lithology, relationships between lithologies, and rock contacts according to the geological model in the field. The modeling results can describe the relationship between the claystone of the Nanggulan Formation and the igneous rocks of the Old Andesite Formation. Its relationship claystone is overlapping Andesite rocks in the Horgorejo Kulon Progo area. This can cause soil movement and landslides if the Andesite rocks experience massive weathering and erosion and if rainfall is high.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Rock Contact Lithology of the Nanggulan Formation with the Magnetic Method in the Hargorejo Area of Kulon Progo

Fatimah,

Rizqi

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…This results in qualitative and quantitative determination of a chemical composition map of the elements present in the sample [89]. SEM-EDS has been used in a variety of fields for mineral characterization [100][101][102][103][104][105][106].…”

Section: Sem Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (Sem-eds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Characterization Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

Ali,

Zhang,

Santos

2023

Applied Sciences

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool in the domains of materials science, mining, and geology owing to its enormous potential to provide unique insight into micro and nanoscale worlds. This comprehensive review discusses the background development of SEM, basic SEM operation, including specimen preparation and image processing, and the fundamental theoretical calculations underlying SEM operation. It provides a foundational understanding for engineers and scientists who have never had a chance to dig in depth into SEM, contributing to their understanding of the workings and development of this robust analytical technique. The present review covers how SEM serves as a crucial tool in mineral characterization, with specific discussion on the workings and research fronts of SEM-EDX, SEM-AM, SEM-MLA, and QEMSCAN. With automation gaining pace in the development of all spheres of technology, understanding the uncertainties in SEM measurements is very important. The constraints in mineral phase identification by EDS spectra and sample preparation are conferred. In the end, future research directions for SEM are analyzed with the possible incorporation of machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence tools to automate the process of mineral identification, quantification, and efficient communication with researchers so that the robustness and objectivity of the analytical process can be improved and the analysis time and involved costs can be reduced. This review also discusses the idea of integrating robotics with SEM to make the equipment portable so that further mineral characterization insight can be gained not only on Earth but also on other terrestrial grounds.

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“…PC3 accounted for 16.39% of the total variance and had strong positive loadings for Ti, Ba, and Li. These elements may be predominantly of geogenic origin, derived from multiple primary mineral sources [30,50].…”

Section: Possible Sources Of Heavy Metals In Wells Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water of Self-Supplied Wells in Northern China

Bai

Zhang²,

Bai³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Self-supplied wells, an important water resource in remote and scattered regions, are commonly deteriorated by environmental pollution and human activity. In this study, 156 self-supplied well-water samples were collected from remote and scattered areas of Inner Mongolia (NMG), Heilongjiang (HLJ), and the suburbs of Beijing (BJ) in Northern China. Twenty-four heavy metals were identified by using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and the associated human health risks were assessed by using standards of the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The concentrations of four heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn, and Tl) in HLJ, one heavy metal (Tl) in BJ, and ten heavy metals (Al, As, B, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Tl, and Zn) in NMG exceeded the limits set by China or the World Health Organization (WHO). The total carcinogenic risk (TCR) and total non-carcinogenic risk (THQ) exceeding set limits mainly occurred in NMG, compared to HLJ and BJ. Moreover, As accounted for 97.87% and 60.06% of the TCR in HLJ and BJ, respectively, while Cr accounted for 70.83% of the TCR in NMG. The TCR caused by Cd in all three areas had a negligible hazard (<10−4). As accounted for 51.11%, 32.96%, and 40.88% of the THQ in HLJ, BJ, and NMG, respectively. According to the results of the principal component analysis, heavy metals in well water from HLJ and NMG mainly originated from mixed natural processes and anthropogenic sources, whereas, in BJ, most heavy metals probably originated from natural sources. In the future, long-term monitoring of heavy metals in water from self-supplied wells should be conducted for an extensive range of well-water sites, and well water with high As contamination should be monitored more and fully assessed before being used as a drinking-water source.

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Mineral analysis and its extraction process of ilmenite rocks in titanium-rich cumulates from Pandeglang Banten Indonesia

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Determination of the Rock Contact Lithology of the Nanggulan Formation with the Magnetic Method in the Hargorejo Area of Kulon Progo

Determination of the Rock Contact Lithology of the Nanggulan Formation with the Magnetic Method in the Hargorejo Area of Kulon Progo

Mineral Characterization Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

Occurrence and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water of Self-Supplied Wells in Northern China

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