Mineral and nutrient supply, content and leaching in Norway spruce exposed for 14 months to ozone and acid mist

Pfirrmann, T.; Runkel, K. H.; Schramel, P.; Eisenmann, T.

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(90)90048-h

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Foliar N concentrations were low for all trees (9-15 mgg^M. wt) but, as for the majority of elements, were similar to those reported for spruce in the Calcareous Bavarian Alps (see Pfirrmann et al, 1990;Polle et al, 1992). S and Cu levels were, however, somewhat lower than those reported for trees in the Bavarian Alps, whereas Mn levels were higher (see Polle et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The present study was restricted to a single growing season, so longer-term effects cannot be discounted (Lucas, Rantanen & Mehlhorn, 1993). However, given the present findings, a mechanism for such longer-term effects is difficult to reconcile and it is noteworthy that a number of experiments on Norway spruce conducted over several seasons have revealed no significant effects of long-term O3 exposure on foliar nutrient composition (Roberts et al, 1989;Pfirrmann et al, 1990;Ogner, 1993;Rantanen, Palomaki & Holopainen, 1994). The present study therefore lends further support to the growing scepticism concerning the role of O3 in the development of Mg and K deficiency symptoms typical of ' declining' trees at higher elevations in the German ' Mittelgebirge' and Bavarian Forest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Soil was removed from a depth of 0-5 cm, separated as described in Pfirrmann et al (1990) and the d. wt recorded after 2 d at 105 °C. Extracts of fine soil were shaken overnight in 0"l M KCl, allowed to settle for 2 h and then the soilpH was determined using a glass electrode.…”

Section: Soil Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mist events consisted of applying deionized water enriched with (NH4)2SO4 (18mgr'), adjusted to pH 4-0 with H2SO4, for 6 min in every 10, for 12 h overnight, with the mist applied from glass spray units in the roof of each chamber (see Blank et al, 1990;Pfirrmann et al, 1990). Throughfall was collected in perspex trays connected to the lid of each pot, and 25 ml aliquots were analysed for K, Mg and Ca as described in Pfirrmann et al (1990), correcting for the levels of specific elements in 'blank' leachates collected from nylon 'trees'.…”

Section: Throughfall Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of elevated CO₂, O₃ and K deficiency on Norway spruce (Picea abies): nutrient supply, content and leaching

Pfirrmann¹,

Barnes²,

Steiner³

et al. 1996

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYTwo clones of 5-yr-old Norway spruce {Picea abies [L.] Karst.) were exposed to two atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (350 and 750/^.mol mol"^) and of O3 (20 and 75 nmol mol"^) in a phytotron at the GSFForschungszentrum (Munich) over the course of a single season (April-October). The phytotron was programmed to recreate an artificial climate similar to that at a high elevation site in the Inner Bavarian forest, and trees were grown in 40 1 containers of soil (pH 3-5) fertilized to achieve two levels of potassium nutrition; well fertilized and K-deficient. Foliar nutrient analyses performed at the beginning of the exposure indicated that the fertilization programmes achieved their goal without significantly altering the levels of other nutrients or the soil pH. At the beginning of the funiigation, foliar K concentrations were 7-9 mg g"^ d. wt for well fertilized trees and 4-5 mg g'^ d. wt for trees receiving no supplemental K. Over the course of the season, differences between K treatments intensified so that by the end of the experiment there was a five to sixfold difference between foliar K concentrations. This was associated with slight, but significant {P < 0-05), decreases in S and Zn (and of Cu in the 1989 needle year age class) and higher levels of C, N and Mg in K-deficient trees. Foliar N concentrations were low for all trees (9-15 mg g"^ needle d. wt) but were similar to levels found in the field.Elevated Og was found to decrease significantly the C (P < 0-05) and N (P < 0-001) content of both current-year (1989) and previous-year (1988) needles independent of CO.j concentration, but apart from some minor changes in the concentrations of Cu and Mn in the current-year needles no other effects of the pollutant on plant nutrient status were found. In contrast, CO, enrichment resulted in significantly (P < 0-01) lower concentrations of K and P (effects on Mg were also on the borderlines of statistical significance) in current-year needles, but there was no influence on the nutrient composition of the previous-year needles (although effects on N were on the borderlines of statistical significance). CO.^ enrichment also increased (P < 0-05) the C:N ratio of both current-year and previous-year needles. One factor contributing to the decline in foliar K at elevated COg appeared to be a marked increase (25-30%) in the rate at which cations were leached from the canopy by repeated simulated acid mist (pH 4-0) events, and this effect occurred independently of the Og concentration. The information presented will aid the interpretation of parallel studies examining the effects of elevated CO2 and/or O3 on seasonal changes in photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrate content, antioxidants, tree growth and water use efficiency, and sheds further light on the growing scepticism concerning the role of O3 in the development of Mg and K-deficiency symptoms characteristic of certain types of forest decline in central Europe.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Soil Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Throughfall Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of elevated CO₂, O₃ and K deficiency on Norway spruce (Picea abies): nutrient supply, content and leaching

Pfirrmann¹,

Barnes²,

Steiner³

et al. 1996

New Phytologist

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“…Table 2 shows relative variations of K concentrations in guard cells for the Gerardmer and Istebna clones under the influence of the different stresses, and also the values of the corresponding stomatal conductance. However, it appears that the stomatal responses in Norway spruce when exposed to one or other of these stresses can vary in importance according to the clone (Keller and Hasler 1987;Ebel et al 1990;Dotzler and Schiitt 1990;Fuhrer et al 1990;Pfirmann et al 1990;Blanck et al 1990). Our potassium analyses indicated the same changes as found by Pearson and Mansfield (1993) when they studied stomatal resistance in beech.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Alteration of element contents in guard cells of Norway spruce (Picea abies) subjected to ozone fumigation and (or) water stress: X-ray microanalysis study

Thiec¹,

Rose²,

Garrec³

et al. 1994

Can. J. Bot.

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L~, P. 1994. Alteration of element contents in guard cells of Norway spruce (Picea abies) subjected to ozone fumigation and (or) water stress: X-ray microanalysis study. Can. J. Bot. 72: [86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. Two clones of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Gerardmer clone and Istebna clone) were subjected to an ozoneenriched atmosphere. The X-ray microanalysis of elements present in the guard cells showed a decrease in potassium for the Gerardmer clone along with a larger closing of guard cells and an increase in calcium contents; for the Istebna clone, ozone did not affect these contents. When a drought stress was applied, an increase in calcium content of guard cells of the Istebna clone was also found. However, the potassium content was smaller in this case for the two clones and could well be due to stomata1 closure. When ozone and drought stress were applied together, the potassium content in the Istebna clone was not affected, but for the Gerardmer clone, ozone reduced the decrease in potassium content that occurred as drought stress developed. However, calcium (and manganese) content increased significantly when the Gerardmer clone was exposed to ozone. It seems likely that the Gerardmer clone is sensitive to ozone and when subjected to a drought stress this sensitivity is increased. For the Istebna clone, the resistance to ozone is unaffected by the drought stress treatment. The Istebna clone, however, seems sensitive to drought. These characteristic responses in the two different Norway spruce clones are probably due to genetic differences and may explain the contradictory observations in the response of the stomata during the simultaneous implementation of the complex stresses. et L O O S V E L~, P. 1994. Alteration of element contents in guard cells of Norway spruce (Picea abies) subjected to ozone fumigation and (or) water stress: X-ray microanalysis study. Can. J. Bot. 72: 86-92. Deux clones de Picea abies (L.) Karst. (GCrardmer et Istebna) ont Ct C soumis i une atmosphkre enrichie en ozone. Lamicroanalyse X des ClCments presents dans les stomates a montrC une baisse des teneurs en potassium en relation avec une fermeture plus importante des stomates et une augmentation en calcium, ceci pour le clone GCrardmer; pour le clone Istebna, I'ozone n'affecte pas les teneurs de ces deux ClCments. Lorsqu'un stress hydrique est appliquC, une augmentation des teneurs en calcium dans les stomates du clone Istebna est enregistrke mais les teneurs en potassium sont plus faibles pour les deux clones dans ces conditions en relation avec une fermeture des stomates. Lorsque les deux traitements, ozone et stress hydrique sont appliquCs simultantment, les teneurs en potassium n'holuent pas par rapport au traitement stress hydrique pour le clone Istebna, mais pour le clone Gerardmer, I'ozone rtduit la baisse en potassium qui se produit lors du stress hydrique. Par contre les teneurs en calcium (et manganbse) augmentent considCrablement pour le clone GCrardmer par rapport au traitement ozone.Le clone GCrard...

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The concentrations of K, Rb and Cs in spruce needles (Picea abies Karst.) and in the associated soils

Wytténbach¹,

Bajo²,

Bucher³

et al. 1995

J Plant Nutrition & Soil

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Zusammenfassung nK elemend comnrfations of K. Rb and Cc were delemined in needles from individual spruce tms as a function of the needle age class. The concentrations am highest in cumnt year's needles and decrease smoothly in older needles, approaching a constant value. Rb and Cs show similar behaviour. whmas that of K differs in so far as its rclative decnasc with lime is less pronounced. Intm-and intersite variation of the needk concentrations 811: largest for Cs and smallest for K. Individual trees show a highly significant conelation between the log (Cs) and log (Rb) values.Total soil concentrations wen determined at 9 sites with different parent material. InIraand intersite variations of K are compnrahle for soils and for neodlcs. whcrcas those for Rb and Cs arc much smaller for soils than for needles. All the elements arc conelated in soil samples.That is no close connection between soil and needle concentrations at the various sites. However. the results suggest that needle concentrations of Rb and Cs. but noi of K. are strongly dependent on the sorp(ion propcnies of the associated soils. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenk,, 158,499-504 (1995) 0 VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, D-6945 1 Weinhelm, 1995 0044-3263195fo510-0499 $5.00 + .2S/O

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Mineral and nutrient supply, content and leaching in Norway spruce exposed for 14 months to ozone and acid mist

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of elevated CO₂, O₃ and K deficiency on Norway spruce (Picea abies): nutrient supply, content and leaching

Effects of elevated CO₂, O₃ and K deficiency on Norway spruce (Picea abies): nutrient supply, content and leaching

Alteration of element contents in guard cells of Norway spruce (Picea abies) subjected to ozone fumigation and (or) water stress: X-ray microanalysis study

The concentrations of K, Rb and Cs in spruce needles (Picea abies Karst.) and in the associated soils

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Mineral and nutrient supply, content and leaching in Norway spruce exposed for 14 months to ozone and acid mist

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of elevated CO2, O3 and K deficiency on Norway spruce (Picea abies): nutrient supply, content and leaching

Effects of elevated CO2, O3 and K deficiency on Norway spruce (Picea abies): nutrient supply, content and leaching

Alteration of element contents in guard cells of Norway spruce (Picea abies) subjected to ozone fumigation and (or) water stress: X-ray microanalysis study

The concentrations of K, Rb and Cs in spruce needles (Picea abies Karst.) and in the associated soils

Contact Info

Product

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Effects of elevated CO₂, O₃ and K deficiency on Norway spruce (Picea abies): nutrient supply, content and leaching

Effects of elevated CO₂, O₃ and K deficiency on Norway spruce (Picea abies): nutrient supply, content and leaching