Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Induces Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression and Calcification in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells

Objective: To propose bismuth carbonate, a radiopacifying agent, as a new endodontic root repair material that was added to Portland cement (PC) at 2 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt%, and physicochemical and biological properties of each formulation were evaluated in comparison to MTA-Angelus. Methods: Mixed and powder samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray power diffraction (XRD), and the semiquantitative constitution of the powder was determined by energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Setting time was evaluated by Vicat needle and radiopacity analysed with digital X-ray. The pH of all tested materials was observed after immersion in water for 3, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h (or 7 days). Solubility and calcium release were measured after immersion in water for 24 h. A multiparametric assay XTT-NR-CVDE was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the materials in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) fibroblasts. HPDL fibroblasts were exposed to PC 15% and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL6, IL8, TNF) and bone formation genes (ALP, COL1 , RUNX2) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Mineralisation of HPDL fibroblasts cocultured with PC, PC 15% and MTA was evaluated with Von Kossa staining. Results: PC-based groups presented more irregular and larger particles than MTA. PC and MTA showed similarities as observed by XRD and EDS. Setting time of PC-based groups was increased with the addition of bismuth carbonate. All tested materials were alkaline, and pH tended to reduce over time. All cements had solubility lower than recommended, with no difference between them (P>0.05) and showed calcium release. PC 15% had similar radiopacity when compared with MTA (P>0.05). Cell viability was higher for the tested materials than the positive control (P<0.001), but there was no difference when they were compared with negative control (P>0.05). Gene expression levels were similar for all tested groups (P>0.05). Analysed cements had positive Von Kossa staining. Conclusion: Overall, the addition of 15% of bismuth carbonate did not result in significant changes to its physicochemical and biological properties when compared with MTA, except for the setting time, and may be considered a potential substitute for MTA. Keywords: Bismuth carbonate, mineral trioxide aggregate, portland cement, root repair material INTRODUCTIONMineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a root repair material with Portland cement (PC) and bismuth oxide as major components (1). Several studies have shown that both MTA and PC present similar physicochemical and biological properties (2-5). PC has been proposed as an alternative material to MTA, but its major disadvantage is that it does not achieve the radiopacity level required to be distinguished from the surrounding anatomical structures, thus requiring the addition of a radiopacifying agent prior to its use as an endodontic material (6).Previous studies have shown that bismuth oxide, the radiopacifying agent in ProRoot MTA and MTA-Angelus, decrea...

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“…These results are consistent with previous studies, where mineral deposits were found in cells cultured with ProRoot MTA (15,37,38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of a New Portland Cement-based Root Repair Material

Aminsobhani¹,

MERAJI²,

Khoshdel³

et al. 2017

Eur Endod J

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“…This finding suggests that there was a decrease in the quantity of osteoprogenitor cells that had free receptors for BMPR1B, indicating that the phase of formation of bone matrix, with greater synthesis activity, occurred during this period prior in the control group. This result differs from the work of Maeda, et al 2010 20 where different levels of BMPR were observed between the control group and the MTA group. While the findings of the present study confirm a positive effect of MTA, it is necessary to conduct a larger study on the mechanism of this material in bone tissue regeneration as well as that of BCP, which is already used in surgeries.…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that MTA promotes a favorable response in osseous environment, with direct bone apposition 30 . It was demonstrated that MTA induces bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression and calcification in human periodontal ligament cells 20 and stimulating human gingival fibroblasts to produce BMP-2 14 , is able to promote a favorable formation of mineralized tissue in rat alveolar sockets 15 , being characterized by mild inflammatory response and complete bone healing 16 . MTA surfaces also support osteoblast cell attachment, matrix synthesis and RunX2 expression which are essential for osteogenesis 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of biphasic calcium phosphate and a mineral trioxide aggregate for bone healing in rat calvaria

Silva

Kim

Luczyszyn

et al. 2015

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Eighty Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups and examined over a period of 2 or 8 weeks. First, a surgical defect was created in the calvaria using a 6 mm diameter trephine drill. The cavity was then treated with BCP (biphasic calcium phosphate), MTA, or the combination of the two. In the control, the cavity was allowed to clot. After 2 or 8 weeks, animals were sacrificed and the bones were subjected to a histological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate areas of new osteoid tissue and new bone tissue as well as the percentage of labeled cells that utilize anti-BMPR1B antibodies. Twoway ANOVA showed statistical significant diference in all dependent variable (area of new osteoid tissue; area of new bone and % of immunostainning) within group p=0.00000, time p=0.00000 and with the interaction of both p=0.0000. MTA group at 8 weeks showed the highest amount of osteoid tissue (6.25 ± 0.30 mm 2 ). The same group also exhibited the highest amount of bone tissue formation (3.98 ± 0.14 mm 2 ). In contrast, both 2-week MTA samples (40.73 ± 2.50%) and 2-week BCP+MTA samples (40.30 ± 1.81%) exhibited the highest percentage of stained cells. Best results in terms of the area of osteoid and bone tissue formation and the percentage of BMPR1B markings were observed for the MTA group, confirming that the combination of BCP and MTA does not result in a significant improvement.

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“…[8,9]. Rapid bone regeneration at 50 days in this study was confirmed by digital radiography densitometry, cone beam radiography, and histology.…”

Section: Open Accesssupporting

confidence: 68%

<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of an experimental root-end filling material versus MTA

Eleazer¹,

Rhodes²,

Horn³

et al. 2013

OJAS

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Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been found to be very biocompatible in a large number of studies. However, the handling properties can be challenging and research on modified materials to enhance placement are few. The purpose of this study is to compare a new faster setting, and more easily placed preparation with classic MTA in an animal model. Canine premolar teeth from two dogs were randomized and received quadrant surgery timed to allow 50 day and 98 day comparisons. Histologic and radiographic comparisons were made. Results were essentially equal in healing, even close to the materials.

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Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Induces Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression and Calcification in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells

Cited by 88 publications

References 33 publications

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of a New Portland Cement-based Root Repair Material

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of a New Portland Cement-based Root Repair Material

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of biphasic calcium phosphate and a mineral trioxide aggregate for bone healing in rat calvaria

<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of an experimental root-end filling material versus MTA

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Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Induces Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression and Calcification in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells

Cited by 88 publications

References 33 publications

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of a New Portland Cement-based Root Repair Material

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of a New Portland Cement-based Root Repair Material

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of biphasic calcium phosphate and a mineral trioxide aggregate for bone healing in rat calvaria

&lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; evaluation of an experimental root-end filling material versus MTA

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<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of an experimental root-end filling material versus MTA