MINERALS OF THE SYSTEM ZnS CdS FROM FUMAROLES OF THE KUDRIAVY VOLCANO, ITURUP ISLAND, KURILES, RUSSIA

Chaplygin, Ilya; Mozgova, N. N.; Мохов, А. В.; Копорулина, Е. В.; Bernhardt, Heinz-Jürgen; Bryzgalov, I. A.

doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.709

Cited by 31 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The EPMA data indicated that zincian greenockite contains 72.4-89.9 mol % CdS, which was in accordance with the experimental data of the ZnS-CdS system at 250 • C [7], and furthermore, the composition and structure were in line with the greenockite series [45] (cited in [2]). The Zn content varied (5.61 to 21.7 mol % ZnS), similarl to other occurrences of greenockite in hydrothermal deposits [4,11], e.g., 6-11 mol % ZnS in the Madjarovo Pb-Zn deposit [21], the maximum difference in different types of greenockite in the Caledonia Group being <1 to 25 mol % ZnS [11], and 42-59 mol % ZnS in the Tsumeb, southwest Africa [17].…”

Section: Factors Influencing Composition Of Zincian Greenockitesupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The Zn-Cd-S component system is of theoretical and practical significance for mineralogy and materials science [1][2][3]. There are two structure types (cubic and hexagonal) for this system; the end members of ZnS and CdS are sphalerite and wurtzite, and hawleyite and greenockite, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two structure types (cubic and hexagonal) for this system; the end members of ZnS and CdS are sphalerite and wurtzite, and hawleyite and greenockite, respectively. Sphalerite is one of the most common ore minerals, while wurtzite and greenockite are much less abundant, and hawleyite is rare [2]. Experimental studies of the system ZnS-CdS have indicated the existence of a complete solid solution at temperatures above 600 • C [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, greenockite also occurs as a primary mineral in various geological settings [4,11,12], including (i) pegmatites [13], (ii) granites [14], (iii) fumaroles [2], (iv) chromite-PGE mineralization [12], (v) hydrothermal ore deposits [4,11], (vi) estuarine sediments [15,16], and (vii) shales [17]. The predominant occurrences of greenockite in hydrothermal deposits are in Pb-Zn deposits, such as sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits [18,19], volcanic-related Pb-Zn deposits [20][21][22], as well as a few in orogenic Au deposits [23] and epithermal Au-Ag deposits [4,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Zincian Greenockite Occurrence in the Saishitang Cu Skarn Deposit, Qinghai Province, Northwest China

Liu

Shu-gen

2017

Minerals

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Zn-Cd-S series minerals not only comprise industrial resources for Zn and Cd, but are also significant mineralogical indicators for hydrothermal ore-forming processes. Due to its unique formation conditions and rare occurrence, our understanding of the formation of zincian greenockite in natural systems is limited. Zincian greenockite was discovered during mineralogical studies in the Saishitang Cu skarn deposit, Qinghai Province, Northwest China. This provided an ideal opportunity to assess the occurrence and formation of zincian greenockite in skarn-type deposits. Ore minerals were observed using reflected-light microscopy, and the zincian greenockite was further analyzed using electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The zincian greenockite occurs in the bornite-chalcopyrite ores and is composed of subhedral to anhedral grains approximately 50 × 150 µm 2 to 200 × 300 µm 2 in size, replaces the bornite, and is replaced by native silver. Two phases (I and II) were identified based on back-scattered electron images, X-ray element-distributions maps, and EPMA data. The textural relationship indicated that Phase I was replaced by Phase II. Phase I contained high Zn (14.6 to 21.7 mol % ZnS) and low Cd (72.4 to 82.2 mol % CdS), while Phase II contained low Zn (5.6 to 9.1 mol % ZnS) and high Cd (85.4 to 89.9 mol % CdS). The zincian greenockite was formed at temperature of 300~270 • C during the transformation from a reducing environment to an oxidizing one in the late stage of the mineralization process in the Saishitang deposit.

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Section: Factors Influencing Composition Of Zincian Greenockitesupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A New Zincian Greenockite Occurrence in the Saishitang Cu Skarn Deposit, Qinghai Province, Northwest China

Liu

Shu-gen

2017

Minerals

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“…The hightemperature deposition of molybdenite and rheniite at the Kudriavy volcano is accompanied by cadmoindite (CdIn 2 S 4 ), kudriavite [(Cd,Pb)Bi 2 S 4 ], wurtzite (ZnS), pyrite (FeS 2 ), cannizzarite (Pb 4 Bi 6 S 13 ), various oxides, including powellite (CaMoO 4 ), molybdite (MoO 3 ), and ilsemannite (Mo 3 O 8 •nH 2 O), native alloys and elements, and chlorides (Korzhinsky et al 1994, Taran et al 1995, Chaplygin et al 2004, Tessalina et al 2005, Znamensky et al 2005, Yudovskaya et al 2006. According to Chaplygin et al (2005Chaplygin et al ( , 2007, there are two layers of high-temperature fumarolic incrustation (about 400°C) that formed during cooling of the gas on the surface of the altered basaltic andesite debris: the upper layer (up to 20 cm) consists of secondary sulfates and oxides with relics of minerals of the original rock; the lower sulfide-rich layer (up to 0.5 m) contains pyrite, galena, molybdenite, Cd-bearing sulfosalts of Pb and Bi (e.g., kudriavite, cannizzarite, lillianite), sphalerite, wurtzite, greenockite and rare minerals, such as cadmoindite, native gold and rheniite.…”

Section: Mechanism For the Deposition Of Rementioning

confidence: 99%

RHENIUM-RICH MOLYBDENITE AND RHENIITE IN THE PAGONI RACHI Mo-Cu-Te-Ag-Au PROSPECT, NORTHERN GREECE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE Re GEOCHEMISTRY OF PORPHYRY-STYLE Cu-Mo AND Mo MINERALIZATION

Voudouris¹,

Melfos²,

Spry³

et al. 2009

The Canadian Mineralogist

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The porphyry-type Pagoni Rachi Mo-Cu-Te-Ag-Au prospect, in northern Greece, is a porphyry-epithermal system hosted by an Oligocene dacite porphyry and quartz-feldspar porphyry dikes. The rare mineral rheniite (ReS 2 ) and molybdenite, with very high contents of Re (up to 4.7 wt% Re), occur in quartz veins along with Fe-Cu sulfides, Pb-, Sn-, and Cl-bearing oxides, hematite, ilmenite and tellurides of Bi; these veins are spatially related to sericitic and transitional sericitic-sodic-potassic alteration. Earlier-formed gold-bearing quartz and magnetite veins with sodic-potassic-calcic alteration and late precious-metal telluride-rich carbonate-quartz veins with argillic alteration contain only minor amounts of molybdenite. The composition of rheniite ranges from almost pure, stoichiometric rheniite with low Mo content to rheniite with up to 5.99 wt% Mo. Petrographic, scanning electron microscope, and structural studies suggest that the high Re content of molybdenite from Pagoni Rachi is the result of the isovalent Re-for-Mo substitution in molybdenite. This fact is corroborated by the progressive shortening of the Mo-S mean bond-distance (from 2.414 Å in pure molybdenite to 2.355 Å), as well as by the isotropic decrease of the unit-cell values with the increase of the Re:Mo ratio. The structural analysis of four molybdenite crystals, with the highest Re content ever reported in nature, demonstrates that they crystallize as the 2H polytype and not the 3R polytype, as previously hypothesized, thus suggesting that Re concentration does not correlate with a specific polytype. The fluid inclusions in quartz in the Re-bearing molybdenite-rheniite veins at Pagoni Rachi show that they homogenize to either the liquid or vapor phases (354 to 428°C) or by halite dissolution at 317 to 585°C, which equates to salinities of 40 to 59 wt% NaCl equiv. Rheniite and molybdenite likely precipitated as temperatures fell below 400°C during phase separation under relatively oxidizing conditions, at elevated chlorine activity, and from relatively acid hydrothermal solutions. However, the presence of Pb oxides, Sn-bearing minerals and tellurides § E-mail address: voudouris@geol.uoa.gr 1014 thE CanaDian MinERalogist is compelling evidence that rheniite and Re-rich molybdenite may have formed directly from the vapor as sublimates, in a manner similar to the way they are deposited at the Kudriavy volcano, Kurile Islands.Keywords: porphyry-epithermal deposit, rheniite, Re-rich molybdenite, polytype, phase separation, tellurides, sublimates, Pagoni Rachi, Greece.soMMaiRE L'indice minéralisé en Mo-Cu-Te-Ag-Au de Pagoni Rachi, de type porphyre, situé dans le nord de la Grèce, est un système épithermal encaissé par un porphyre dacitique oligocène et des filons de porphyre quartzofeldspathique. Nous y avons trouvé la rhéniïte (ReS 2 ), espèce rare, et la molybdénite très enrichie en Re (jusqu'à 4.7% Re, poids), dans des veines de quartz avec des sulfures de Fe-Cu, des oxydes contenant Pb, Sn, et Cl, l'hématite, l'ilménite et des tellurure...

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Genesis of greenockite (CdS) and associated sulphide‐gold mineralization from Mahakoshal belt, Central Indian Tectonic Zone

et al. 2023

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The Zn‐Cd‐S critical minerals system is a significant mineralogical indicator of hydrothermal ore‐forming processes. The understanding of greenockite (CdS) formation in natural mineral systems is very restricted due to low crustal abundances (Cd <0.2 ppm). We report the first occurrence of greenockite from the Bagada orogenic gold prospect, Paleoproterozoic Mahakoshal belt, Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ). This provides an ideal opportunity to access the occurrence and its genesis. Greenockite occurs in discrete sheared quartz veins hosted in phyllites. Sulphide mineralization is closely associated with hydrothermal chlorite alterations. Pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite assemblages are formed at high temperatures, while sphalerite and galena precipitated when the temperature decreased. Greenockite, native silver and bismuth with gold precipitated during the breakdown of arsenopyrite to scorodite in progressively oxidizing conditions. Greenockite precipitation occurred in a transforming hydrothermal environment from a reducing to an oxidizing one during late‐stage hydrothermal alteration. Sphalerite and chlorite thermometry yielded temperatures in the range from 266 to 366°C for this late‐stage hydrothermal alteration. Textural relations show two modes of occurrence of greenockite, one (Gck‐1) as exsolution within sphalerite (Sp‐2) and the other (Gck‐2) occurring as a discontinuous rim replacing the Cd‐rich sphalerite (Sp‐3). The Gck‐1 contains high Zn and low Cd, while as compared to Gck‐2. Zinc and Cd in greenockite show diadochy relation (Zn2+ ↔ Cd2+). Laser ablation ICPMS analyses of sphalerite (Sp‐2) reveal remarkably high Cd contents (1.9–12 wt%). Cd >0.02 ppm suggests possible Cd derivation from sphalerite (Sp‐2) under variable fS2, T, pH, fO2 conditions, fluid–rock interaction, and change in the Zn/Cd ratio. Sphalerite compositions display a low Zn/Cd (av.22) ratio and high temperature of formation, with characteristics intermediate between volcanogenic massive sulphides (VMS) and magmatic‐hydrothermal Cu‐Pb‐Zn system.

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MINERALS OF THE SYSTEM ZnS CdS FROM FUMAROLES OF THE KUDRIAVY VOLCANO, ITURUP ISLAND, KURILES, RUSSIA

Cited by 31 publications

References 9 publications

A New Zincian Greenockite Occurrence in the Saishitang Cu Skarn Deposit, Qinghai Province, Northwest China

A New Zincian Greenockite Occurrence in the Saishitang Cu Skarn Deposit, Qinghai Province, Northwest China

RHENIUM-RICH MOLYBDENITE AND RHENIITE IN THE PAGONI RACHI Mo-Cu-Te-Ag-Au PROSPECT, NORTHERN GREECE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE Re GEOCHEMISTRY OF PORPHYRY-STYLE Cu-Mo AND Mo MINERALIZATION

Genesis of greenockite (CdS) and associated sulphide‐gold mineralization from Mahakoshal belt, Central Indian Tectonic Zone

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