Mini‐Mental State Examination: a normative study in Italian elderly population

Magni, Eugenio; Binetti, Giuliano; Bianchetti, Angelo; Rozzini, Renzo; Trabucchi, Marco

doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.1996.tb00423.x

Cited by 579 publications

(392 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The most widely accepted indicator of the presence of cognitive impairment was a score of ≤ 24. A cut-off score of 24 by age and educational level was selected using the score adjustment coefficients proposed by Magni et al (21). In this study, 4 levels of cognition status were described, including normal (25 to 30), mild cognitive impairment (20 to 24), moderate cognitive impairment (10 to 19), and sever cognitive impairment (≤ 9) (22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Zinc and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People of Iran

et al. 2017

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Zinc and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People of Iran

et al. 2017

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“…At the initial visit, cognitive assessment was performed by a MiniMental State Examination 32 and by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery of validated paper-and-pencil tests standardized for Italian people 33 administered in a single session lasting ≈2 hours. Details are described Cognitive Pattern Assessment section of onlineonly Data Supplement and in Table S1 in the online-only Data Supplement.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Reliability of Wrist Blood Pressure Self-Measurement at Home

et al. 2016

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Blood pressure (BP) independently predicts cardiovascular risk in affluent countries. [1][2][3][4][5] However, several studies have shown that awareness of hypertension and BP control is still suboptimal, 1 and thus effective strategies should be developed to improve BP control and adherence to therapy. One of the methods used to achieve these goals is represented by self-measurement of BP at home by automatic devices. Many studies have shown that BP self-measurement at home allows a better BP control in hypertension and has a greater prognostic value than office BP. 6,7 In addition, self BP measurement is more appealing to the patient than the customary procedure in the physician's surgery often causing long waits. Upper-arm automatic devices gave fresh impetus to home self-measurement because of their user friendliness, 8 the only conditions to be respected being adequate cuff dimensions and correct positioning of the cuff on the patient's arm. [9][10][11][12][13][14] For reasons of market penetration and following a general tendency to miniaturization, many wrist devices recently appeared on the market 15 having the advantage of being smaller and easier to fit than upper-arm monitors, 16 and today wrist devices are used by a large portion of people who measure their BP at home. 17 However, in spite of technical improvement, their reliability in real-life conditions is not unanimously accepted. [18][19][20] Accuracy of BP measurement at wrist largely depends on the difference in height between the wrist and the heart because of the confounding effect of the hydrostatic pressure caused by the limb blood column.21-23 Wrists kept at a higher level in comparison with the heart lead to a false lower, and wrists at a lower level lead to a false higher BP values. Very rarely do patients receive appropriate training from family doctors or other healthcare personnel. Instructions attached to commercial packages require a certain degree of personal discernment, i.e., a good cognitive pattern. Only a few models have a position sensor to verify that the wrist is placed properly at heart level, 24 but even for these devices, no study has evaluated their reliability in real-life conditions.The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether wrist home BP is performed reliably or an error is present in measurement, and to identify the determinants of this error if any.To verify the reliability of wrist BP self-measurement, we determined at a population level the upper-arm−wrist BP difference in the office under a doctor's supervision and then verified whether this difference was maintained during home self-measurement.Abstract-The reliability of blood pressure measurement with wrist devices, which has not previously been assessed under real-life circumstances in general population, is dependent on correct positioning of the wrist device at heart level. We determined whether an error was present when blood pressure was self-measured at the wrist in 721 unselected subjects from the general population. After training, blood p...

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“…The total score was corrected by age and educational level using the scoreadjustment coefficients proposed by Magni et al in the 1996. 8 A score <24.0 has been accepted as indicating the presence of CI. 9 All data were entered into Excel ® spreadsheets (Microsoft 2007) and analyzed with SPSS Statistics 20.0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome and cognitive performance in the elderly

Rinaldi

Graffi²,

Gallone

et al. 2014

J Biol Res

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions, each of which represents a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In different recent studies, MetS has been associated with an accelerate cognitive decline in the elderly. The aim of our research was to investigate the relationship between MetS and cognitive performance in 174 italian elderly people living in Val Cenischia (Piedmont, Italy). Mini mental state examination (MMSE) has been administered to assess the cognitive status of all participants. The prevalence of MetS is 50.3% (51.3 and 49.5% for males and females, respectively). Our results confirm the association between MetS and worse cognitive performance in the elderly: an increased number of MetS components is associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment (odds ratio=1.54; confidence interval 95%:1.04-2.28; P<0.05).

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Mini‐Mental State Examination: a normative study in Italian elderly population

Cited by 579 publications

References 14 publications

The Association Between Zinc and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People of Iran

The Association Between Zinc and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People of Iran

Poor Reliability of Wrist Blood Pressure Self-Measurement at Home

Metabolic syndrome and cognitive performance in the elderly

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