Mini-Mental State Examination: Optimal Cut-Off Levels for Mild and Severe Cognitive Impairment

Salis, Francesco; Costaggiu, Diego; Mandas, Antonella

doi:10.3390/geriatrics8010012

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A RBANS-TIS between 85 and 70 indicates a probable deficit, while a score of <70 indicates cognitive impairment. 3 The findings highlighted the total score fell within an extremely low range, within the first percentile for his age group. He has also had a very low score in immediate memory domain that has reflected in his difficulties with verbal memory functioning.…”

Section: Presentationmentioning

confidence: 90%

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A case of posterior cortical atrophy and paranoid schizophrenia

Toma,

Obinwa,

Rathnaiah

2024

Prog Neurol Psychiatry

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Posterior cortical atrophy, also called Benson's syndrome or visual variant of Alzheimer's disease, refers to a constellation of neurodegenerative features associated with Alzheimer's disease. The authors describe an unusual case of a patient diagnosed with this condition in addition to paranoid schizophrenia, in a forensic low secure unit. The focus of the article is on the distinctiveness of the presentation, the heterogeneity of symptoms and difficulties encountered in the diagnostic formulation process.

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Section: Presentationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This sum is converted into the total index scale (RBANS‐TIS). A RBANS‐TIS between 85 and 70 indicates a probable deficit, while a score of <70 indicates cognitive impairment 3 …”

Section: Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of posterior cortical atrophy and paranoid schizophrenia

Toma,

Obinwa,

Rathnaiah

2024

Prog Neurol Psychiatry

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“…Conversion tables are available to avoid age or school influences. Scores < 26 are suggestive of mild-to-severe cognitive impairment [ 43 ] Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) [ 44 ], for mood assessment. It is made up of 15 yes/no questions regarding satisfaction, dropped interests, happiness, boredom, good spirit, fears, subjective utility, energy, and hope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversion tables are available to avoid age or school influences. Scores < 26 are suggestive of mild-to-severe cognitive impairment [ 43 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Performance and Falling Risk Are Associated with Five-Year Mortality in Older Adults: An Observational Cohort Study

Salis

Mandas

2023

Medicina

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Background: Falls in older people have a significant impact on public health. The scientific literature has provided evidence about the necessity for older adults to be physically active, since it reduces the incidence of falls, several diseases, and deaths, and can even slow down some effects of aging. The primary aim of our study is to identify if physical performances and risk of falling are related to 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year mortality. Its secondary aim is to establish if people with both severely impaired physical performance and a high risk of falling also present impairment in other geriatric domains. Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled subjects aged 65 years or more, subjected them to comprehensive assessment (including assessment of risk of falling, physical capacities, comorbidities, autonomies in daily living, cognitive abilities, mood, and nutritional status), and followed them for 5 years. Results: We included 384 subjects, 280 of whom were women (72.7%), with a median age of 81 years. Our results showed that physical performances and risk of falling are highly correlated to each other (rho = 0.828). After divided the sample into three groups (people without augmented risk of falling and able to perform adequate physical activity; people with moderate risk of falling and/or disability; people with severe risk of falling and/or disability), we found that the more severe the disability and risk of falling were, the more compromised the other geriatric domains were. Moreover, the survival probability progressively increased following the same trend, amounting to only 41% in severely compromised people, 51.1% in moderately compromised people, and 62.8% in people without physical compromise nor an augmented falling risk (p = 0.0124). Conclusions: Poor physical performance combined with a high risk of falling, correlated with each other, are associated with higher mortality and impairment in multiple domains in older adults.

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“…The score ranges from 0 to 30, which indicates cognitive integrity. In the healthy population aged over 60 years old, scoring 30 in the MMSE, a relevant cognitive decline has been demonstrated for reductions of 1 to 3 points [5]. However, to foster the early screening, the clinical scale should be complemented by objective assessment methods [2]- [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AI-based Ecological Monitoring of Handwriting to Early Detect Cognitive Decline

Toffoli,

Lunardini,

de Isla

et al. 2023

2023 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)

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The early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is fundamental to initiate treatments for delaying the onset of dementia. Currently, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is one of the most common clinical scales used by geriatricians to assess cognitive function. A deviation of 1 to 3 points from the maximum score (30) is considered as sign of relevant cognitive decline. However, objective and affordable tools are needed to complement the screening process. The quantitative analysis of handwriting represents a suitable solution, as the gesture is significantly impaired in MCI subjects in terms of time, speed, fluency and applied pressure. This works presents the development and testing of classification models able to separate subjects at risk of cognitive decline (MMSE <= 28) from controls (MMSE > 28), starting from free-content handwriting data acquired with a smart ink pen, used on paper, from which 36 indicators were computed. Data were collected in 2 phases. The former involved 45 subjects and served for models training. In the latter, data were acquired from 23 subjects in a domestic longitudinal framework and were partially used for model refinement, but mainly for testing. Three different algorithms were tried (support vector machine, random forest and Catboost) The best test performances on the longitudinal data were obtained by a Catboost classifier, achieving accuracy 93.33%, precision 88.89%, recall 100% and f1 score 94.12%. The results support the use of computerized handwriting analysis as screening tool for cognitive decline detection.

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Mini-Mental State Examination: Optimal Cut-Off Levels for Mild and Severe Cognitive Impairment

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

A case of posterior cortical atrophy and paranoid schizophrenia

A case of posterior cortical atrophy and paranoid schizophrenia

Physical Performance and Falling Risk Are Associated with Five-Year Mortality in Older Adults: An Observational Cohort Study

AI-based Ecological Monitoring of Handwriting to Early Detect Cognitive Decline

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