Mini Review From the Molecular Base to the Diagnostic Value of Adenosine Deaminase

Khodadadi, Iraj

doi:10.17795/ajmb-24310

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The limitations of this study should be considered when interpreting its findings. First, adenosine is produced or degraded by several enzymes, including 5'nucleotidase, ADA, and adenosine kinase [Khodadadi 2014] and therefore the role of all enzymes should be taken into account in investigating adenosine metabolism. Second, simultaneous determination of serum ADA catalytic activity and the level of adenosine is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two enzymes, ADA1 and ADA2, have been isolated with different characteristics and are known to possess ADA activity in humans [Zavialov et al 2010]. ADA1 is a cytoplasmic and/or extracellular (ecto-ADA1) polymorphic enzyme widely distributed in human tissues [Khodadadi 2014;Spina et al 2010;Zavialov et al 2010]. ADA1 exists in all human tissues and accounts for the main ADA activity in most tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, ADA2, is the main ADA isoenzyme in serum originating mainly from the monocyte-macrophage system and specifically acts on the extracellular environment [Gakis 1996;Zavialov et al 2010]. The ADA1 gene is located on human chromosome 20q13.11 and consists of 12 exons and 11 introns [Khodadadi 2014;Wiginton et al 1986] whereas ADA2 is encoded by the CECR1 gene consisting of 9 exons located on chromosome 22q11.1 and belongs to a new family of adenosine deaminase growth factors [Zavialov et al 2010]. Among the over 1,450 known single nucleotide polymorphisms of ADA1 gene (http://www.genecards.org/), the polymorphism resulting from the substitution of G by A at nucleotide 22 of exon 1 has attracted much more attention [Camargo et al 2012;Dutra et al 2010;Hettinger et al 2008;Napolioni 2010;Napolioni and Predazzi 2010;Nunes et al 2011;Riksen et al 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of G22A and A4223C ADA1 gene polymorphisms and ADA activity with PCOS

Salehabadi

Farimani²,

Tavilani

et al. 2016

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

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Adenosine deaminase-1 (ADA1) regulates the concentration of adenosine as the main modulator of oocyte maturation. There is compelling evidence for the association of ADA1 gene polymorphisms with many diseases but the importance of ADA1 polymorphisms in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not been studied before. This study investigates serum total ADA activity (tADA), ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzyme activities, and genotype and allele frequencies of G22A and A4223C polymorphisms in healthy and PCOS women. In this case-control study 200 PCOS patients and 200 healthy women were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and the PCR-RFLP technique was used to determine the G22A and A4223C variants. The genotype frequencies were calculated and the association between polymorphic genotypes and enzyme activities were determined. tADA activity was significantly lower in the PCOS group compared with the control group (27.76±6.0 vs. 39.63±7.48, respectively). PCOS patients also showed reduced activity of ADA1 and ADA2. PCOS was not associated with G22A polymorphism whereas AA, AC, and CC genotypes of A4223C polymorphism were found distributed differently between the control and the PCOS women where the C allele showed a strong protective role for PCOS (odds ratio=1.876, p=0.033). The present study for the first time showed that lower ADA activity may be involved in pathogenesis of PCOS by maintaining a higher concentration of adenosine affecting follicular growth. As a novel finding, we also showed great differences in genotype distribution and allele frequencies of A4223C polymorphism between groups indicating a protective role for C allele against PCOS. AbbreviationsADA: adenosine deaminase PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome PCR-RFLP: polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism tADA: total adenosine deaminase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%