“…Quantum well (QW) diodes that inherently exhibit multifunctionalities of light emission, detection, modulation, and energy harvesting have great potential for the development of monolithic optoelectronic systems. − In particular, their emission spectra partially overlap with their responsivity spectra due to the same QW active region, and thus, the QW diode is able to detect, modulate, and harvest the light emitted by itself. , By using the same fabrication process flow, we can monolithically integrate different QW diodes into a single chip, − in which all these components share identical QW structures. Zhang et al demonstrated a monolithic GaN optoelectronic system consisting of a transmitter, a waveguide, a beam splitter, receivers, and a monitor, in which light emission, propagation, and detection can be manipulated, and data communication among them is realized through photons.…”