Miniaturized methods of sample preparation

Wianowska, Dorota; Gil, María Isabel Saz; Olszowy, Małgorzata

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819763-9.00005-2

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The simplicity of traditional techniques makes them still commonly applied, despite their above mentioned disadvantages. Yet, they make it necessary to consider the use of new, more ecological, and environmentally friendly GA extraction techniques [ 126 ]. These innovative extraction techniques of gallic acid, which not only eliminate the errors of classical approaches but also improve the isolation process, include, among others, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, or the MSPD procedure [ 98 , 99 , 103 , 113 , 116 , 123 ].…”

Section: Isolation and Determination Of Gallic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the fact that it does not induce any transformation and/or degradation processes in the analyzed substances, and consequently allows one to determine the actual concentration of phenolic compounds to which gallic acid belongs. As a consequence, modern extraction techniques can be implemented on both the industrial and laboratory scale [ 126 ].…”

Section: Isolation and Determination Of Gallic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Concise Profile of Gallic Acid—From Its Natural Sources through Biological Properties and Chemical Methods of Determination

Olszowy

Wianowska

2023

Molecules

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Nature is a valuable source of anti-oxidants that have a health-promoting effect by inhibiting various undesirable changes leading to cell degradation and, consequently, potential disease ailments. One of them is gallic acid which has been used as a healing agent since ancient times. Currently, due to various beneficial properties, this compound is considered to be one of the main phenolic acids of great importance in numerous industries. It is commonly used as a substance protecting against the harmful effects of UV radiation, an astringent in cosmetic preparations, and a preservative in food products. Therefore, gallic acid is now deemed essential for both human health and industry. Increasingly better methods of its isolation and analysis are being developed, and new solutions are being sought to increase its production. This review, presenting a concise characterization of gallic acid, updates the knowledge about its various biological activities and methods used for its isolation and determination, including chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods.

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Section: Isolation and Determination Of Gallic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation and Determination Of Gallic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Concise Profile of Gallic Acid—From Its Natural Sources through Biological Properties and Chemical Methods of Determination

Olszowy

Wianowska

2023

Molecules

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“…Hence, currently the attention is paid to the use of extraction techniques consuming minimal amounts of organic solvents. In this respect, liquid–liquid microextraction (LLME) is a modern alternative to the conventional LLE extraction technique [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Validation, and Two-Year Application of Rapid and Simple LC-MS/MS-Based Method for the Determination of K2MK-7 in Blood Samples

Paprotny,

Szewczak,

Bryshten

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Biological properties of menaquinone-7, one of the vitamin K2 vitamers (K2MK-7), both those proven and those that remain to be investigated, arouse extensive interest that goes beyond the strictly scientific framework. The most important of them is the prevention of age-related diseases, considering that we live in the times identified as the era of aging societies and many people are exposed to the vitamin K2MK-7 deficiency. Therefore, an effective analytical protocol that can be adopted as a diagnostic and preventive analytics tool is needed. Herein, a simple sample preparation method followed by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method (LC-MS/MS), was used for the selective and sensitive determination of K2MK-7 in serum samples. Under the optimized conditions, using 500 µL of serum and the same amount of n-hexane, the reproducibility and the accuracy were obtained in the ranges of 89–97% and 86–110%, respectively, and the limit of detection value was 0.01 ng/mL. This method was used for the routine analysis. Statistical interpretation of the data from 518 samples obtained during 2 years of practice allowed for obtaining information on the content and distribution of K2MK-7 in the Polish population, broken down by the sex and age groups.

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“…Miniaturized sample preparation techniques promote the extraction and preconcentration of the analytes using minor solvent volume and low amounts of samples, providing satisfactory reproducibility, selectivity, and precision in the shortest possible time . Among miniaturized techniques, electromembrane extraction (EME) has been highlighted. , In this technique, the ionized analytes migrate from the sample through the supported liquid membrane (SLM) phasea polymeric membrane with an organic solvent supported on its porous membraneto an aqueous extraction solution inside the membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromembrane Extraction of Naphthenic Acids in Produced Water Followed by Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Araújo

Santos

Martins

et al. 2022

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Naphthenic acids comprise one of the most toxic compounds of the produced water released from offshore oil platforms. Therefore, developing and applying faster, simpler, and more efficient analytical methods for analyzing naphthenic acids are urgently needed. Electromembrane extraction (EME) uses the electrokinetic migration of target ions through a porous membrane. Herein, the EME method was applied to extract naphthenic acids from produced water. The EME method was optimized, and the optimal conditions encompassed decanol as the organic solvent, the sample with pH 10.0, 5 min of extraction at 200 V, and the ratio 4:1 (borate buffer/matrix, v/v). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed charged species’ migration from produced water through the EME. Subsequently, all extracts were analyzed by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The EME efficiency was assessed by comparing the extraction results to the liquid−liquid extraction (LLE) method results. Analytical results showed good linearity for both solvent and matrix curves (R 2 > 0.98). Low detection limits ranged from 0.10 to 0.13 μg mL–1 and quantification limits from 0.36 to 0.45 μg mL–1. Precision and accuracy values ranged from −13.3% to 16.5%. These values fit the proposed method, demonstrating that the EME was more efficient than LLE in naphthenic acid extraction. The EME method preferably extracted aromatic compounds with double-bond equivalence from 6 to 8. The EME coupled with ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry was demonstrated as a promising analytical approach to naphthenic acid extraction as an efficient and more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional extraction methods.

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Miniaturized methods of sample preparation

Cited by 11 publications

References 76 publications

A Concise Profile of Gallic Acid—From Its Natural Sources through Biological Properties and Chemical Methods of Determination

A Concise Profile of Gallic Acid—From Its Natural Sources through Biological Properties and Chemical Methods of Determination

Development, Validation, and Two-Year Application of Rapid and Simple LC-MS/MS-Based Method for the Determination of K2MK-7 in Blood Samples

Electromembrane Extraction of Naphthenic Acids in Produced Water Followed by Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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