Miniaturized multiresidue method for the analysis of pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in non-target wildlife animal liver tissues using GC-MS/MS

Schanzer, Sonja; Egbert, Kroner; Wibbelt, Gudrun; Koch, Martin; Kiefer, Andreas; Bracher, Franz; Müller, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130434

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Similar to the other fungicides, fenpropimorph (sold amount in 2019: 100–250 t/a) was used via foliar spraying in, e.g., in cereal fields (EFSA, 2008 ), but its approval expired on 30/04/2019 (period of grace: 30/10/2020). Fenpropimorph residues have been previously reported in liver of a potential prey species (hedgehog: Erinaceus europaeus ; Schanzer et al 2021 ) of medium-sized terrestrial raptors from Germany. However, because no systematic or opportunistic dietary information was available for the nests of the exposed BUBTs, no conclusion can be drawn on potential sources and exposure pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variation of rodenticides and emerging contaminants in blood of raptor nestlings from Germany

Badry

Schenke

Brücher

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Wildlife exposures to pest controlling substances have resulted in population declines of many predatory species during the past decades. Many pesticides were subsequently classified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) and banned on national or global scales. However, despite their risks for non-target vertebrate wildlife, PBT substances such as anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are still permitted for use in Europe and have shown to threaten raptors. Whereas risks of ARs are known, much less information is available on emerging agrochemicals such as currently used PPPs and medicinal products (MPs) in higher trophic level species. We expect that currently used PPPs are relatively mobile (vs. lipophilic) as a consequence of the PBT criteria and thus more likely to be present in aqueous matrices. We therefore analyzed blood of 204 raptor nestlings of three terrestrial (red kite, common buzzard, Montagu’s harrier) and two aquatic species (white-tailed sea eagle, osprey) from Germany. In total, we detected ARs in 22.6% of the red kites and 8.6% of the buzzards, whereas no Montagu’s harriers or aquatic species were exposed prior to sampling. ΣAR concentration tended to be higher in North Rhine-Westphalia (vs. North-Eastern Germany) where population density is higher and intense livestock farming more frequent. Among the 90 targeted and currently used PPPs, we detected six substances from which bromoxynil (14.2%) was most frequent. Especially Montagu’s harrier (31%) and red kites (22.6%) were exposed and concentrations were higher in North Rhine-Westphalia as well. Among seven MPs, we detected ciprofloxacin (3.4%), which indicates that risk mitigation measures may be needed as resistance genes were already detected in wildlife from Germany. Taken together, our study demonstrates that raptors are exposed to various chemicals during an early life stage depending on their sampling location and underpins that red kites are at particular risk for multiple pesticide exposures in Germany.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variation of rodenticides and emerging contaminants in blood of raptor nestlings from Germany

Badry

Schenke

Brücher

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Quantification was achieved with a 7890b/5977a gas chromatograph (GC) (Agilent, USA) equipped with a splitless injector and a mass spectrometer operating in electron impact-selected ion monitoring mode. GC conditions have been described elsewhere [ 11 ]. The temperature program of the GC oven was adjusted as follows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To work towards a POPs-free future, the Stockholm Convention on POPs was signed in 2001 and ratified in 2004. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treaty and other control measures, the globe monitoring plan (GMP) was implemented, tasked with the aggregation of data from existing monitoring networks [ 11 ]. Within the framework of GMP, atmospheric monitoring has assumed a pivotal role, given that the atmosphere serves as the principal and highly efficient medium for long-range transport (LRT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling efficiency of a polyurethane foam air sampler: Effect of temperature

Cai,

Huang,

Tong

et al. 2024

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

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“…This task requires analytical methods that can quantify multiple residues with different physicochemical properties simultaneously. Currently applied multiresidue methods mainly analyse pesticides and POPs in either bat muscles [ 32 ], liver [ 33 ], whole carcasses [ 24 ], or hair [ 34 ]. This allows specific characterisation of the contamination of individual bats and can be of interest when deceased bats are collected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiresidue analysis of bat guano using GC-MS/MS

Peter,

Bakanov,

Mathgen

et al. 2024

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Bats are the second largest mammalian order and are an endangered species group with a strong need for contamination monitoring. To facilitate non-invasive monitoring of the ecological burden in bat populations, a multiresidue method for the simultaneous quantification of 119 analytes including pesticides, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), UV blockers, plasticizers, and other emerging pollutants in bat guano with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed. Sample preparation and clean-up were performed with a modified QuEChERS approach based on DIN EN 15662. The method uses 1.00 g bat guano as sample with acetonitrile and water for liquid-liquid extraction. Phase separation is assisted by citrate-buffered salting out agent. For clean-up of the extract, primary secondary amine (PSA) was combined with graphitized carbon black (GCB). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) ranged between 2.5 and 250 µg kg−1. Linearity was shown in a concentration range from the respective LLOQs to 1250 µg kg−1. The median of the mean recovery was 102.4%. Precision was tested at three concentrations. Method and injection precision were adequate with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 20%. Furthermore, the comparative analysis with LC-MS/MS demonstrated the reliability of the results and provided a valuable extension of the analytical scope. As proof of concept, three guano samples from a German nursery roost of Myotis myotis were analysed. The results show a time-dependent change in contaminant concentration, highlighting the strong need for non-invasive contamination monitoring of whole bat populations. Graphical Abstract

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Miniaturized multiresidue method for the analysis of pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in non-target wildlife animal liver tissues using GC-MS/MS

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Spatial variation of rodenticides and emerging contaminants in blood of raptor nestlings from Germany

Spatial variation of rodenticides and emerging contaminants in blood of raptor nestlings from Germany

Sampling efficiency of a polyurethane foam air sampler: Effect of temperature

Multiresidue analysis of bat guano using GC-MS/MS

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