Miniaturized wearable watch antenna for wristband applications

Jia, Yuetian; Liu, Lei; Hu, Jiesi; Xu, Lijie

doi:10.1109/imbioc.2019.8777816

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The SEBS (TC9) flexible substrate material improves the efficiencies of both the GNSS antenna by 1.6 dB and Bluetooth antenna by 2.2 dB. Compared to [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], the current improvements are remarkable for replacing previous printed circuit board materials with molded polymers in which the loss levels are very competitive. Antenna radiation patterns were measured in a Satimo Starlab system in free space and the axis cuts are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most relevant references for comparison are [4][5][6][7][8] where wristwatch devices were considered. Comparable antennas from a performance point of view are located on the wrist strip.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper and silver are commonly used as materials for the realization of antenna conductors such as the ones presented in the wearable 915 MHz band antenna for wristwatch application [4]. Moreover, a wearable antenna located on a metal watch strap is proposed in [5] in which the width of the strap had only a small impact on the radiation patterns, but the variations of the feeding location clearly influenced the matching performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printed GNSS and Bluetooth Antennas Embedded on Flexible Low Loss Substrates for Wearable Applications

Gbotemi

Myllymäki

Jantunen

et al. 2020

PIER M

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This paper presents Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) F-type and Bluetooth (BT) L-shaped antennas printed on flexible low loss substrate materials for smartwatch applications. The proposed printed antennas were designed along with the wristband of a smartwatch device with the main purpose of improving their electrical performance by using a new low loss polymer material and locating the antenna on the wrist strap. The antenna performances were simulated using CST Microwave Studio, and the prototypes were measured in a Satimo StarLab anechoic chamber. Silver printing and injection molding technologies were successfully utilized for fabricating new SEBS materials (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene) in wearable devices. The SEBS materials improved the radiation efficiency of the antennas by 1.6 dB for the GNSS and 2.2 dB for the BT over the previously used TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) materials. The overmolded printed and hybrid integrated discrete antennas produced added-value for electronics fabrication thanks to its flexible and seamless integration technique. In addition, it is a low-cost mass manufacturing method. The research opens new perspectives for product definitions with a flexible, low loss material that enables better antenna performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printed GNSS and Bluetooth Antennas Embedded on Flexible Low Loss Substrates for Wearable Applications

Gbotemi

Myllymäki

Jantunen

et al. 2020

PIER M

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show abstract

“…These antennas should have a low profile, be lightweight, be energy efficient, and have high gain for their effective operation [1]. For instance, the smart watch is the most widely used wearable device that can be utilized in many IoT applications [2,3]. To connect smart watches 2 of 26 wirelessly with other devices and sensors, a flexible and miniaturized antenna is needed to be easily integrated into IoT gadgets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Compact Wearable Antenna for Smart Watch IoT Applications

et al. 2021

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Smart watch antenna design is challenging due to the limited available area and the contact with the human body. The strap of smart watch can be utilized effectively for integration of the antenna. In this study, an antenna integrated on a smart watch strap model using computer simulation technology (CST) was designed. The antenna was designed for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz. Roger 3003C was used as substrate due to its semi-flexible nature. The antenna size is 28.81 × 19.22 × 1.58 mm3 and it has a gain of 1.03 and 5.97 dB, and efficiency of 80% and 95%, at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, on the smart watch strap, respectively. A unit cell was designed having a dimension of 19.19 × 19.19 × 1.58 mm3 to mitigate the effect of back radiation and to enhance the gain. The antenna backed by the unit cell exhibited a gain of 2.44 and 6.17 dB with efficiency of 50% and 72% at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The AMC-backed antenna was integrated into a smart watch strap and placed on a human tissue model to study its human proximity effects. The specific absorption rate (SAR) values were calculated to be 0.19 and 1.18 W/kg at the designed ISM frequencies, and are well below the permissible limit set by the FCC and ICINPR. Because the antenna uses flexible material for wearable applications, bending analysis was also undertaken. The indicated results prove that bending along the x- and y-axes has a negligible effect on the antenna’s performance and the antenna showed excellent performance in the human proximity test. The measured results of the fabricated antenna were comparable with the simulated results. Thus, the designed antenna is compact, has high gain, and can be used effectively for wireless IoT applications.

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“…However, these structures could hardly be integrated with the framework of smartwatch and thus, were not suitable for the designs with totally metallic frame. Recently, the antennas integrated in the structures of smartwatches were proposed and studied, such as several antenna designs with metallic frame of smartwatches [13]- [17]. Although these designs had some special advantages, none of them used diversity technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Smartwatch Integrated Antenna With Polarization Diversity

Wang

Yan

2020

IEEE Access

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A design of smartwatch integrated antenna with polarization diversity is proposed. An annular ring is integrated in the framework of smartwatch, and excited by two ports. One port is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) line loaded with a T-shaped matching network, and the other is fed by a coplanar strip line (CPS). The overall model of the proposed antenna has a cylindrical shape with 38 mm diameter and 7.5 mm thickness. A metallic plate is located at the backside of the antenna to mimic the shell of smartwatch. The prototype is fabricated and measured, and the measured results agree well with the numerical ones. The two ports have orthometric radiation patterns and can cover the 2.4 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band. The gain of the antenna is higher than 3.2 dBi in free space. The proposed antenna is also analyzed with a cubic tissue model and a wrist model in different distances between the proposed antenna and human models. The performances on body scenarios are also acceptable. The values of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the cubic tissue model and wrist model are below the limitations set by both the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) and the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) shows proposed antenna can be used in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) applications. The influence of battery and printed circuits board assembly (PCBA) on S parameters is obvious, and gain and radiation efficiency are not much affected. INDEX TERMS Wireless body area network (WBAN), wearable antenna, Smartwatch integrated antenna, polarization diversity, cubic tissue model, wrist model, specific absorption rate (SAR), Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC).

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Miniaturized wearable watch antenna for wristband applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Printed GNSS and Bluetooth Antennas Embedded on Flexible Low Loss Substrates for Wearable Applications

Printed GNSS and Bluetooth Antennas Embedded on Flexible Low Loss Substrates for Wearable Applications

An Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Compact Wearable Antenna for Smart Watch IoT Applications

Design of Smartwatch Integrated Antenna With Polarization Diversity

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