Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Means to Encapsulate Organic and Inorganic Materials

Weiss, Clemens K.; Landfester, Katharina

doi:10.1007/12_2010_61

Cited by 101 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…For example, by using thiol-disulfide exchange, the dextran-lipoic acid assembly with encapsulated doxorubicin, is crosslinked with dithiothreitol in catalytic ratio, that reduces pyridyl disulfide (PDS) groups to thiols which further exchange with remaining PDS groups, while nanogels are obtained (Li et al, 2009). Ryu et al (2010) evaluated the potential to incorporate a hydrophobic guest molecule in biocompatible nanogels using intra/intermolecular disulfide bond formation of PDS (Landfester, 2003;Karasulu, 2008;Crespy & Landfester, 2010;Landfester et al, 2010;Weiss & Landfester, 2010;Landfester & Musyanovych, 2011;Asadian-Birjand et al, 2012;. b (Landfester & Musyanovych, 2011;Asadian-Birjand et al, 2012; Zhang et al (2015) Photo-induced crosslinking -Technique used to stabilize polymers with functional groups that can polymerize -Reacting groups: coumarin or alkene -UV irradiation, photo initiator -Highly efficient, cytotoxicity concern 80-250 Zhang et al (2015) DOI: 10.…”

Section: Nanogel Preparation From Polymeric Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic concepts and recent advances in nanogels as carriers for medical applications

Neamţu¹,

Rusu²,

Diaconu³

et al. 2017

Drug Delivery

368

219

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Nanogels in biomedical field are promising and innovative materials as dispersions of hydrogel nanoparticles based on crosslinked polymeric networks that have been called as next generation drug delivery systems due to their relatively high drug encapsulation capacity, uniformity, tunable size, ease of preparation, minimal toxicity, stability in the presence of serum, and stimuli responsiveness. Nanogels show a great potential in chemotherapy, diagnosis, organ targeting and delivery of bioactive substances. The main subjects reviewed in this article concentrates on: (i) Nanogel assimilation in the nanomedicine domain; (ii) Features and advantages of nanogels, the main characteristics, such as: swelling capacity, stimuli sensitivity, the great surface area, functionalization, bioconjugation and encapsulation of bioactive substances, which are taken into account in designing the structures according to the application; some data on the advantages and limitations of the preparation techniques; (iii) Recent progress in nanogels as a carrier of genetic material, protein and vaccine. The majority of the scientific literature presents the multivalency potential of bioconjugated nanogels in various conditions. Today's research focuses over the overcoming of the restrictions imposed by cost, some medical requirements and technological issues, for nanogels' commercial scale production and their integration as a new platform in biomedicine.

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Section: Nanogel Preparation From Polymeric Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic concepts and recent advances in nanogels as carriers for medical applications

Neamţu¹,

Rusu²,

Diaconu³

et al. 2017

Drug Delivery

368

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The integrity of the droplets due to the nanoreactor concepts makes miniemulsion a powerful tool for the incorporation of defined amounts of functionalities into latex particles and a rich variety of different substances has been successfully incorporated; [19][20]23] including fluorescent dyes, [24] pharmaceutically active substances, [25] metal complexes [26] and inorganic nanoparticles. [27] A further benefit of miniemulsion polymerization is the high versatility towards monomers and polymerization types that can be applied.…”

Section: Miniemulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Vogel

2012

Springer Theses

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This thesis focuses on the controlled assembly of monodisperse polymer colloids into ordered two-dimensional arrangements. These assemblies, commonly referred to as colloidal monolayers, are subsequently used as masks for the generation of arrays of complex metal nanostructures on solid substrates.The motivation of the research presented here is twofold. First, monolayer crystallization methods were developed to simplify the assembly of colloids and to produce more complex arrangements of colloids in a precise way. Second, various approaches to colloidal lithography are designed with the aim to include novel features or functions to arrays of metal nanostructures.The air/water interface was exploited for the crystallization of colloidal monolayer architectures as it combines a two-dimensional confinement with a high lateral mobility of the colloids that is beneficial for the creation of high long range order. A direct assembly of colloids is presented that provides a cheap, fast and conceptually simple methodology for the preparation of ordered colloidal monolayers. The produced two-dimensional crystals can be transformed into nonclose-packed architectures by a plasma-induced size reduction step, thus providing valuable masks for more sophisticated lithographic processes. Finally, the controlled co-assembly of binary colloidal crystals with defined stoichiometries on a Langmuir trough is introduced and characterized with respect to accessible configurations and size ratios.Several approaches to lithography are presented that aim at introducing different features to colloidal lithography. First, using metal-complex containing latex particles, the synthesis of which is described as well, symmetric arrays of metal nanoparticles can be created by controlled combustion of the organic material of the colloids. The process does not feature an inherent limit in nanoparticle size and is able to produce complex materials as will be demonstrated for FePt alloy particles. Precise control over both size and spacing of the particle array is presented.Second, two lithographic processes are introduced to create sophisticated nanoparticle dimer units consisting of two crescent shaped nanostructures in close proximity; essentially by using a single colloid as mask to generate two structures simultaneously. Strong coupling processes of the parental plasmon resonances of the two objects are observed that are accompanied by high near-field enhancements. A plasmon hybridization model is elaborated to explain all polarization dependent shifts of the resonance positions. Last, a technique to produce laterally patterned, ultra-flat substrates without surface topographies by embedding gold nanoparticles in a silicon dioxide matrix is applied to construct robust and re-usable sensing architectures and to introduce an approach for the nanoscale patterning of solid supported lipid bilayer membranes.

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“…63 The advantage is the considerably less amount of surfactant needed for successful droplet stabilization as well as the versatility of this approach with respect to the utilization of different monomers, 64 the incorporation of functional compounds [65][66][67][68] and the precise adjustment of the droplets and particles size. 69 Miniemulsification is generally achieved by applying high shear forces to a pre-emulsion of droplets in a continuous phase.…”

Section: Microgel Synthesis In Miniemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Photo-Cleavable Chromophores

Klinger

2013

Springer Theses

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This thesis focuses on the design, synthesis and characterization of novel photo-sensitive microgels and nanoparticles as potential materials for the loading and light-triggered release/accessibility of functional compounds. In order to realize this concept, different approaches to irradiation-dependent response mechanisms have been investigated.Novel light-cleavable divinyl functionalized monomeric crosslinkers based on o-nitrobenzyl derivatives were synthesized and used for the preparation of either PMMA or hydroxyl functionalized PHEMA microgels swellable and degradable in organic solvents. By the introduction of anionic MAA moieties into the PHEMA microgels, this concept was successfully transferred to double stimuli-responsive p(HEMA-co-MAA) hydrogel nanoparticles exhibiting a pH-dependent swelling and light-induced degradation behavior in aqueous media. This sensitivity to two orthogonal triggers is proposed to combine a pHinduced post-formation loading mechanism with a pH-and light-triggered release. In addition, a new class of enzyme-and light-sensitive PAAm microgels based on (meth-)acrylate functionalized dextrans as photo-and enzymatically degradable macromolecular crosslinkers was developed by introducing a photo-labile linker between the enzymatically degradable dextran chain and the polymerizable vinyl moieties. Here, the water solubility of the crosslinkers is assumed to enable an in situ loading approach of hydrophilic compounds.A different approach to the loading of microgels is based on photo-labile covalent microgel-drug conjugates. The first step to the realization of this concept was achieved by the development of a novel functional monomer consisting of a doxorubicin molecule covalently attached to a radically polymerizable methacrylate group via a photo-cleavable linker.Moreover, in order to enable the release of hydrophobic substances in aqueous media, hydrophobic nanoparticles consisting of a photo-resist polymer were designed to be degradable upon irradiation in water. Light-triggered conversion of the initial hydrophobic polymer into hydrophilic PMAA induced in situ particle dissolution and release of nile red.Since the introduction of a stimuli-responsive shell around a microgel is assumed to prevent leakage of embedded compounds, studies on non-stimuli-responsive shell formation around preformed microgel seed particles and the formation of microgel cores in polymeric shells were conducted to investigate potential synthetic pathways to this approach.In a last attempt, the surface of PHEMA and p(HEMA-co-MAA) microgels was functionalized with cinnamoyl groups in order to trigger the (reversible) particles interaction with each other by light-induced [2+2] cycloaddition reactions.

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Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Means to Encapsulate Organic and Inorganic Materials

Cited by 101 publications

References 190 publications

Basic concepts and recent advances in nanogels as carriers for medical applications

Basic concepts and recent advances in nanogels as carriers for medical applications

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Light-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Photo-Cleavable Chromophores

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