“…Natural language processing (NLP) is a field of research that deals with machine learning (ML) algorithms applied to human natural languages [5]. NLP applications aim to automatically process written and spoken human languages including sentiment analysis [6,7], sarcasm detection [8], machine translation [9], speech recognition [10], automated dialogue systems [11], urban studies [12,13], topic classification [14], similarity detection [15], text summarization [16], intent detection [17], news and social media analysis [18,19], part-of-speech (POS) tagging [20], authorship attribution [21,22], fake tweet detection [23], coreference resolution [24] and others [14,[25][26][27]. Recently, NLP techniques have also been employed to study the sentiments and attitudes of social media users regarding the COVID-19 pandemic [28,29].…”