Minimizing Annual Average Daily Nonmotorized Traffic Estimation Errors: How Many Counters Are Needed per Factor Group?

Nordback, Krista; Kothuri, Sirisha; Johnstone, Dylan; Lindsey, Greg; Ryan, Sherry; Raw, Jeremy

doi:10.1177/0361198119848699

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…While the travel survey is conducted annually, the index provides monthly and annual data with a much larger sample size. The last two travel surveys have had 47,806 and 110,672 respondents, with a 5% share of cyclists [39,40]. The present bike traffic index covers an area of more than 1.2 million people and thus is likely to be more sensitive regarding changes in cycling habits.…”

Section: The Present Bike Traffic Index Compared To the National Travel Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present index is weighted for population density in accordance with the Danish bike traffic index [23]. The index could possibly be weighted for other factors, such as type of road, weather, type of day, traffic pattern, and cycle infrastructure [40]. For the present model, multiple models built on parameters conserving mean counts, population density, distance between counters, and a counter's number of operative days were tested.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

Nordengen

Andersen

Riiser

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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National and international strategies and recommendations are intended to increase physical activity in the general population. Active transportation is included in interdisciplinary strategies to meet these recommendations. Cycling seems to be more health enhancing than walking for transportation since cycling seems to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors. Furthermore, the health benefits of cycling are proven to outrun the risk of injuries and mortality. Politicians seem to approve costly infrastructure strategies to increase the amount of cycling in the population to improve public health and shift to more sustainable travel habits. A linear relationship between cycle-friendly infrastructure and the amount of commuter cycling has been demonstrated. However, in Norway and on a global level, there is a lack of robust evaluations of actions and sensitive monitoring systems to observe possible change. Therefore, we aimed to develop the Norwegian bike traffic index and describe the national, regional, and local trends in counted cycle trips. We used a transparent methodology so that the index can be used, developed, and adapted in other countries. We included 89 stationary counters from the whole country. Counters monitored cycling from 2018 onward. The index is organized at local, regional, and national levels. Furthermore, the index is adjusted for population density at the counter level and presented as ratio of counted cycle trips, comparing 2018 to subsequent years. The index is presented as a percentage change with 95% confidence intervals. In Norway, counted cycle trips increased by 11% from 2018 (100, 100–100) to 2020 (111.0, 106.2–115.1), with large geographical differences. In Southern Norway, there was a significant increase of 23%, and in Northern Norway, there was a nonsignificant decrease by 8% from 2018 to 2020. The indices may indicate possible related effects of local to national cycling strategies and how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected Norwegian travel habits in urban areas.

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Section: The Present Bike Traffic Index Compared To the National Travel Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitivity Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

Nordengen

Andersen

Riiser

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Ridership classes can help planners determine the most appropriate locations and times to obtain bicycle volume counts that are representative of ridership across the city. We recommend placing four or more counters per bicycling ridership class to maximize the precision of bicycling volume estimates (Nordback et al 2019) and at least 50 counters for a medium-sized city (Roy et al, Forthcoming). This method is a novel systematic approach based on spatially and temporally detailed crowdsourced data to determine where bicycle counts should be sampled to efficiently collect representative data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strava can be used to differentiate high-and low-volume streets, as well as streets used during peak commute times. Streets with similar ridership patterns can be categorized, and these categories can be used as factors to stratify field-and volunteer-based bicycling volume counter programs to obtain more precise information (Nordback et al 2019).…”

Section: Research Question and Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Where to put bike counters? Stratifying bicycling patterns in the city using crowdsourced data

Brum-Bastos¹,

Ferster²,

Nelson³

et al. 2019

Transport Findings

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When designing bicycle count programs, it can be difficult to know where to locate counters to generate a representative sample of bicycling ridership. Crowdsourced data on ridership has been shown to represent patterns of temporal ridership in dense urban areas. Here we use crowdsourced data and machine learning to categorize street segments into classes of temporal patterns of ridership. We used continuous signal processing to group 3,880 street segments in Ottawa, Ontario into six classes of temporal ridership that varied based on overall volume and daily patterns (commute vs non-commute). Transportation practitioners can use this data to strategically place counters across these strata to efficiently capture bicycling ridership counts that better represent the entire city.

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“…The 34 permanent bike counters were grouped into three categories based on their average Weekend/Weekday Index (WWI), where counters with a WWI greater than or equal to 0.8 were assigned to Weekday Commute (WD-C), counters with a WWI between 0.8 and 1.2 were assigned to Weekly Multipurpose (W-MP), and counters with a WWI greater than 1.2 were assigned to Weekend Multipurpose (WE-MP). 28 Of the total of 34 counters, two were classified as Weekday Commute, 12 were Weekly Multipurpose, and 20 were Weekend Multipurpose. Hourly factors for these three categories of counters were then calculated using data from the permanent bike counters collected in 2015.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Micro-Scale Analysis of Cycling Demand, Safety, and Network Quality

Ryan¹,

Garate²,

Foote³

2020

Self Cite

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Founded in 1991, the Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI), an organized research and training unit in partnership with the Lucas College and Graduate School of Business at San José State University (SJSU), increases mobility for all by improving the safety, efficiency, accessibility, and convenience of our nation's transportation system. Through research, education, workforce development, and technology transfer, we help create a connected world. MTI leads the four-university. MTI leads the four-university California State University Transportation Consortium funded by the State of California through Senate Bill 1. MTI's transportation policy work is centered on three primary responsibilities: MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE Research MTI works to provide policy-oriented research for all levels of government and the private sector to foster the development of optimum surface transportation systems. Research areas include: bicycle and pedestrian issues; financing public and private sector transportation improvements; intermodal connectivity and integration; safety and security of transportation systems; sustainability of transportation systems; transportation / land use / environment; and transportation planning and policy development. Certified Research Associates conduct the research. Certification requires an advanced degree, generally a Ph.D., a record of academic publications, and professional references. Research projects culminate in a peer-reviewed publication, available on TransWeb, the MTI website (http://transweb.sjsu.edu). Education The Institute supports education programs for students seeking a career in the development and operation of surface transportation systems. MTI, through San José State University, offers an AACSBaccredited Master of Science in Transportation Management and graduate certificates in Transportation Management, Transportation Security, and High-Speed Rail Management that serve to prepare the nation's transportation managers for the 21st century. With the active assistance of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), MTI delivers its classes over a state-of-the-art videoconference network throughout the state of California and via webcasting beyond, allowing working transportation professionals to pursue an advanced degree regardless of their location. To meet the needs of employers seeking a diverse workforce, MTI's education program promotes enrollment to under-represented groups. Information and Technology Transfer MTI utilizes a diverse array of dissemination methods and media to ensure research results reach those responsible for managing change. These methods include publication, seminars, workshops, websites, social media, webinars, and other technology transfer mechanisms. Additionally, MTI promotes the availability of completed research to professional organizations and journals and works to This research uses a unique database of cycling volumes from the San Diego region to estimate cycling demand and cycling collision models. Continuous cycling count dat...

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Minimizing Annual Average Daily Nonmotorized Traffic Estimation Errors: How Many Counters Are Needed per Factor Group?

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

Where to put bike counters? Stratifying bicycling patterns in the city using crowdsourced data

A Micro-Scale Analysis of Cycling Demand, Safety, and Network Quality

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