Minor and Major Depression and the Risk of Death in Older Persons

Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.; Geerlings, S. W.; Deeg, Dorly J. H.; Eijk, J.T.M. van; Tilburg, W. van; Beekman, Aartjan T.F.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.10.889

Cited by 452 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

266

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In previous studies, the prevalence of depression was also higher in women with or without CAD (Blazer 2000;Naqvi et al 2005;Perez et al 2005). It seems that psychosocial distress is prospectively associated with increased risk of the development of CAD and premature mortality from cardiovascular events in women (Penninx et al 1999;Wamala et al 1999). Although men had CAD more frequently based on coronary angiography, they had lower depression and anxiety scores in present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Association between Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Major Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients with Chest Pain

Vural¹,

Şatıroğlu²,

Akbas

et al. 2007

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Psychological variables, such as depression and anxiety, are known as independent risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), suggesting the interaction of psychological and physiological factors in the development of CAD. In the present study, we analyzed the possible association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and major atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with chest pain warranting coronary angiography. The patients without CAD (n = 159) and those with CAD (n = 155) were evaluated for the severity of depression and anxiety by the symptom scales; high scores indicate severe symptoms. Age, male/female ratio, prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), and depression level were significantly higher in the CAD group. Among a total of 314 patients with chest pain, the mean depression score was higher in patients with DM (16.01 ± 8.12 vs 13.01 ± 9.6, p = 0.01) and those with hypercholesterolemia (15.43 ± 9.61 vs 12.53 ± 9.61, p = 0.02). The mean anxiety score was also higher in patients with DM (20.81 ± 12.85 vs 16.51 ± 12.09, p = 0.008), hypercholesterolemia (20.67 ± 13.11 vs 15.29 ± 11.36, p = 0.002), or hypertension (20.74 ± 12.94 vs 14.1 ± 10.8, p = 0.001). Thus, DM and hypercholesterolemia are associated with depression and anxiety, while hypertension is only related to anxiety. In contrast, smoking and family history of atherosclerosis are not related to depression and anxiety scores. These results suggest depression and anxiety symptoms may contribute to the development and progression of CAD, especially in patients with DM or hypercholesterolemia.depression; anxiety; psychological tests; atherosclerosis risk factors; coronary artery disease

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Association between Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Major Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients with Chest Pain

Vural¹,

Şatıroğlu²,

Akbas

et al. 2007

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9 Depression not only causes great mental anguish but also intrudes upon fundamental biological processes that regulate sleep, appetite, metabolic activity, autonomic function, and neuroendocrine regulation (reviewed in 4,8 ). These disturbances are likely to contribute to premature coronary artery disease, [10][11][12] premature osteoporosis, 13 and the doubling of mortality in patients with major depression at any age independent of suicide, smoking, or significant physical illness. [10][11][12] In taking into account the natural history, mental suffering, and medical morbidity associated with major depression, the World Health Organization ranked this disorder as one of the leading causes of disability worldwide.…”

Section: Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of the stress system and its dysregulation in melancholic and atypical depression: high vs low CRH/NE states

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stress precipitates depression and alters its natural history. Major depression and the stress response share similar phenomena, mediators and circuitries. Thus, many of the features of major depression potentially reflect dysregulations of the stress response. The stress response itself consists of alterations in levels of anxiety, a loss of cognitive and affective flexibility, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system, and inhibition of vegetative processes that are likely to impede survival during a life-threatening situation (eg sleep, sexual activity, and endocrine programs for growth and reproduction). Because depression is a heterogeneous illness, we studied two diagnostic subtypes, melancholic and atypical depression. In melancholia, the stress response seems hyperactive, and patients are anxious, dread the future, lose responsiveness to the environment, have insomnia, lose their appetite, and a diurnal variation with depression at its worst in the morning. They also have an activated CRH system and may have diminished activities of the growth hormone and reproductive axes. Patients with atypical depression present with a syndrome that seems the antithesis of melancholia. They are lethargic, fatigued, hyperphagic, hypersomnic, reactive to the environment, and show diurnal variation of depression that is at its best in the morning. In contrast to melancholia, we have advanced several lines of evidence of a down-regulated hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and CRH deficiency in atypical depression, and our data show us that these are of central origin. Given the diversity of effects exerted by CRH and cortisol, the differences in melancholic and atypical depression suggest that studies of depression should examine each subtype separately. In the present paper, we shall first review the mediators and circuitries of the stress system to lay the groundwork for placing in context physiologic and structural alterations in depression that may occur as part of stress system dysfunction. Molecular Psychiatry (2002) 7, 254-275. DOI: 10.1038/sj/mp/4001032 Keywords: atypical depression; corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH); melancholic depression; norepinephrine (NE); stress Stress precipitates major depression and influences its incidence, severity and course. 1,2 The stress response and major depression share many features because of similar brain circuitries and mediators (reviewed in 3-5 ). Each is associated with a diminution of cognitive and affective flexibility, alterations in arousal, and perturbations in neuroendocrine and autonomic function (reviewed in 5 ). Because major depression is a heterogeneous disorder, we focus here on two subtypes, melancholic and atypical depression. Our data and those of others indicate that the principal arousal producing mediators of the stress response, such as the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) system, are hyperactive in melancholic depression. 6 Not surprisingly, melan- cholia is associated with anxiety, dread of the ...

show abstract

“…Since sex differences in the relationship between depression and CVD have been observed before (Penninx et al, 1998b;Penninx et al, 1999), sex interactions were explored by entering sex*depression/cortisol interaction terms in adjusted models. In addition, it was explored whether associations were different for persons with and without already existing cardiovascular disease or diabetes by exploring CVD/diabetes*depression/cortisol interaction terms.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypercortisolemic depression is associated with the metabolic syndrome in late-life

Vogelzangs

Suthers

Ferrucci

et al. 2007

Psychoneuroendocrinology

195

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Minor and Major Depression and the Risk of Death in Older Persons

Abstract: Even after adjustment for sociodemographics, health status, and health behaviors, minor depression in older men and major depression in both older men and women increase the risk of dying.

Cited by 452 publications

References 53 publications

Association between Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Major Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients with Chest Pain

Association between Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Major Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients with Chest Pain

Organization of the stress system and its dysregulation in melancholic and atypical depression: high vs low CRH/NE states

Hypercortisolemic depression is associated with the metabolic syndrome in late-life

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About