Minting Progress: Multifunctional Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles via Mentha arvensis extract for Biomedical Advancements

Abstract

To surpass the constraints associated with conventional therapeutic methods in clinical therapy, nanoparticles have been rapidly prepared and developed as a separate treatment method for diseases. In this study, we have synthesized bismuth oxide nanoparticles (BiNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Mentha arvensis (M. arvensis) as a biogenic approach. The formation of BiNPs was confirmed by the characteristic peak observed at 276 nm in the UV–vis spectrum and PXRD analysis exhibited the crystalline nature with monoclinic phase. The TEM images revealed the quasi‐spherical shape of BiNPs with an average particle size of 12 nm. For biomedical studies, BiNPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against A431 cell line (lung cancer) with IC50 value of 92.45 µg/mL. Further studies revealed significantly higher apoptosis, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities of the biosynthesized BiNPs. The collective results from the study suggest that the M. arvensis mediated synthesis of multifunctional BiNPs enhances their biological potential, positioning it as a potential candidate for the multimodal therapeutic applications.