Miocene development of the Main Boundary Thrust and Ramgarh Thrust, and exhumation of Lesser Himalayan rocks of the Kumaun-Garhwal region, NW-Himalaya (India): Insights from Fission Track Thermochronology

Singh, Paramjeet; Patel, R. C.

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.104987

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…In this section, the JT is observed near Arakot village on the Tiuni‐Rohru‐Chirgaon section (Figure 2), and the JT sheet thrusts over the Chail Formation along the JT. The Chail Formation in Himachal Pradesh is the western extension of the Nathuakhan Formation of the Ramgarh Group in the Kumaun‐Garhwal region (Singh & Patel, 2017, 2022; Valdiya, 1980).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Lesser Himalayan crystallines (LHC) either occur as a synformal klippe over the LHS zone or as a roughly continuous thrust sheet in the footwall of the Vaikrita Thrust (VT) (Mukherjee, 2013; Singh, 2014; Singh et al, 2012). These LHC may be broadly extended along the entire length of the Himalaya, in the footwall of the Main Central Thrust/Vaikrita Thrust (MCT/VT) known as Salkhala in Kashmir, Chamba‐Pandoh‐Kullu‐Jutogh in Himachal Pradesh, Lansdown‐Almora‐Baijnath in Kumaun‐Garhwal region, Dudalhera‐Kathmandu allochthon in Nepal, Daling in Sikkim, Shumar in Bhutan, and Bomdila in Arunachal Himalaya (Bhargava et al, 1991, 2016, 2021; Bhargava & Bassi, 1994; Bhargava & Srikantia, 2014; Bhattacharyya et al, 2015; Bikramaditya Singh et al, 2017; Goswami et al, 2022; Patel et al, 2015; Singh & Patel, 2017, 2022; Srikantia & Bhargava, 1988; Warren et al, 2014 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Topographic map of the Himalayas (topography based on the GTOPO30 digital elevation model, U.S. Geological Survey), (b) simplified geological and tectonic setting map of the Himalayan Mountain belt (black dotted square box shows the study area of Jutogh Thrust, Himachal Pradesh). MFT‐Main Frontal Thrust, MBT‐Main Boundary Thrust, MCT‐Main Central Thrust, MT Munsiari Thrust; VT‐Vaikrita Thrust; STDS: South Tibetan Detachment System (modified after Yin, 2006; Singh & Patel, 2022)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Jutogh Thrust sheet, Himachal Pradesh, NW‐Himalaya: Implications to the petrogenesis and regional tectonic setting

et al. 2022

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We present datasets of the whole-rock geochemistry and U-Pb zircon geochronology from the Jutogh Thrust (JT) sheet of eastern Himachal Pradesh, NW Himalaya, in order to explain the tectono-magmatic environment in which they formed. The metapelite and granitoids of the JT sheet have moderate to high SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, K 2 O, and rare earth elements (REE). The A/CNK (Al 2 O 3 /CaO + Na 2 O + K 2 O) ratio with magnitudes ≥1, indicates the peraluminous nature, calc-alkaline series, and S-type granitoids. The high values of Rb and Th as compared to Nb and the negative Ba anomaly also suggest the dominance of crustal source material. The distinct enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements of Rb, Th, K, Ba and Pb and strong depletion in highfield-strength elements (HFSE) of Zr, Nb and Ti results in high incompatible elements/HFSE ratios, which suggest that the source is derived from many intra-crustal tectonic environments. All samples are well-fractionated REE patterns [(La/Yb) N = 6.06-17.37] and characterized by moderately flat enriched [(La/Sm) N = 2.31-4.71] of light rare earth elements. The negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.18-0.71), suggest the plagioclase fractionation from the sourced magma and the origin of granitic gneiss through the high temperature (800 C). The zircon U-Pb ages of granite range between 883.0 ± 15.0 Ma and 1260.0 ± 10.0 Ma, with a consistent peak of 925.0 Ma. It confirms that the northern edge of the Indian Plate collided with an unnamed microcontinent. Also, in a contemporaneous process, the upper crust underwent partial melting, and the generated magma intruded in an extensional tectonic set-up of the northern edge (i.e., presently known as the Jutogh and Vaikrita thrust sheets) of the Indian Plate during the Neoproterozoic. The available zircon U-Pb ages of the JT sheet range between 550-2750 Ma. The magmatic nature of zircons, with two peaks of 825 Ma and 910 Ma, suggests that episodic magmatic processes have taken place during the Neoproterozoic. This study revealed that the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Sequence was a meta-sedimentary sequence and was deposited in an active margin set-up of the northern edge of the Indian Plate.

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Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Jutogh Thrust sheet, Himachal Pradesh, NW‐Himalaya: Implications to the petrogenesis and regional tectonic setting

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“…From the OSL age of the uplifted Quaternary sediments, the youngest MFT activity in the region is constrained to be <15 ka (Srivastava, Mukul, & Barnes, 2016; Srivastava, Mukul, Barnes, & Mukul, 2018). Based on Fission Track thermochronological studies from the Kumaun region by Singh and Patel (2021), MBT was developed during the Late Miocene (i.e., ~13 Ma) and reactivated along with associated faults around the Plio–Pleistocene. In Uttarakhand, the Siwalik rocks between the MFT and MBT are incised by three thrust planes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brittle tectonics in the western Arunachal Himalayan frontal fold belt, northeast India: Change in stress regime from pre‐collisional extension to collisional compression

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The study of brittle deformation of the collisional mountains can explain its shallow crustal tectonic evolution and the palaeostress regime. The Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) zone in the western Arunachal Himalaya displays imbrication in the Permian Gondwana sequence between the MBT‐1 (/Bome Thrust/MBT‐Upper) in the north and MBT‐2 (/MBT‐Lower) in the south with consistent northerly dip. The Lower Gondwana rocks occur in the footwall of the MBT‐1 with the Proterozoic Bomdila Group in the hangingwall. The upper Gondwana rocks constitute the hangingwall sequence for the MBT‐2 with Neogene Siwalik rocks in the footwall. This article analyses palaeostress using brittle fractures in the Gondwana rocks that crop out for ~120 km2 in the study area. The fault‐bounded imbricate zone depicts eight brittle shear indicators and four sets of joints (J1 and J2: inclined and J3 and J4: subvertical). The signatures of the inherited pre‐Himalayan extensional deformation are preserved in the Lower Gondwana Miri Formation. The Bichom and Bhareli rocks exhibit brittle deformation features of the Himalayan Orogeny under strong ~N‐S compression. The palaeostress analysis of all joint sets indicates three phases of brittle deformation in the Gondwana and Siwalik rocks of the area. The subvertical joint sets and normal faults in the Miri Formation indicate a north‐northwest (NNW)‐directed extensional phase of the pre‐Himalayan origin. The inclined joint sets of the Bichom and Bhareli formations of the Gondwana sequence depict Himalayan orogeny with ~N‐S compressional phases. The third phase of brittle deformation in the Siwalik sequence depicts an east‐west (~E‐W) extension. The arc‐parallel extension in the frontal fold belt of the Arunachal Himalaya may be due to oblique India‐Asia collisional tectonics.

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“…One of the major crustal‐scale thrusts in the Himalaya is the MCT, along which the high‐grade metamorphic Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) is thrust over the low‐grade Lesser Himalayan rocks (Gansser, 1964; Martin, 2016). Thrusting along the MCT occurred throughout the Himalayan orogen during the late Oligo‐early Miocene, and the crystalline rocks were emplaced over the Lesser Himalaya, such as Pandoh‐Jutogh in Himachal, Baijnath‐Almora in Kumaun, Dudalhera‐Kathmandu in Nepal, Shumar in Bhutan, and Bomdila in western Arunachal Pradesh (Bikramaditya, Sen, & Sangode, 2017; Patel, Singh, & Lal, 2015; Singh et al, 2022; Singh & Patel, 2017, 2022; Singh, Patel, & Chaudhary, 2022; Singh, Patel, & Lal, 2012; Singh & Singhal, 2020). In the western Arunachal Himalaya (India), the Lesser Himalayan Crystallines (LHC), in the north of Bome Thrust (Yin et al, 2010b), are divided into two units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basement cross‐strike Bomdila Fault beneath Arunachal Himalaya: Deformation along curved thrust traces, seismicity, and implications in hydrocarbon prospect of the Gondwana sediments

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Structural mapping and fieldwork in the Lesser and Higher Himalayan sequences in the western Arunachal Himalaya reveal crucial deformation fabrics in the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Dirang Thrust (DT) zones. The top‐to‐SW ductile shear in the MCT and DT zones is correlated with the swing in the trend of MCT and DT from NE to NNW. The curved MCT and DT as traced by previous authors on the regional map of Arunachal Himalaya are studied. It is found that at places where these faults swing, shear senses developed at the meso‐scale. These shear senses are studied in meso‐ and micro‐scales. Seismicity in the western Arunachal Himalaya is influenced by basement cross‐strike crustal‐scale NW‐trending buried Bomdila Fault (BF). Landslides occur frequently along the Bhalukpong‐Bomdila–Sela traverse are also linked with the transverse BF. In its southern part, the BF coincides with the Dhansiri Lineament and is the basin margin fault in the upper Assam shelf. The Gondwana sediments extended further south below the Brahmaputra alluvium along the fault is to be explored for hydrocarbon exploration.

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Miocene development of the Main Boundary Thrust and Ramgarh Thrust, and exhumation of Lesser Himalayan rocks of the Kumaun-Garhwal region, NW-Himalaya (India): Insights from Fission Track Thermochronology

Cited by 18 publications

References 99 publications

Geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Jutogh Thrust sheet, Himachal Pradesh, NW‐Himalaya: Implications to the petrogenesis and regional tectonic setting

Geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Jutogh Thrust sheet, Himachal Pradesh, NW‐Himalaya: Implications to the petrogenesis and regional tectonic setting

Brittle tectonics in the western Arunachal Himalayan frontal fold belt, northeast India: Change in stress regime from pre‐collisional extension to collisional compression

Basement cross‐strike Bomdila Fault beneath Arunachal Himalaya: Deformation along curved thrust traces, seismicity, and implications in hydrocarbon prospect of the Gondwana sediments

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