Miocene submarine fire fountain deposits, Ryugazaki Headland, Oshoro Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan: Implications for Submarine Fountain Dynamics and Fragmentation Processes

Fernand, Raymond Alexander; Yamagishi, Hisakazu; Moore, Lyndsay; Scutter, Ceinwen

doi:10.1029/140gm20

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Carlisle's mini-pillows typically have a gradational lower contact with pillow basalt and diminish in abundance upward into globule-rich facies, similar to Macquarie Island facies associations. In comparison, it has been shown that dismemberment of dyke tops or intrusive tongues into wet unconsolidated breccia during late eruption episodes produces isolated mini-pillows set in a finer grained vitriclastic matrix (Simpson and Mcphie 2001;Cas et al 2003). We envision similar processes where the encounter of flowing pillow lava or hypabyssal dykes with adjacent or overlying unconsolidated hyaloclastite breccia, causes the pillow lobes to intrude and detach into isolated fluidal and globular forms (Fig.…”

Section: Lv-pfb/gtb Facies Fragmentation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Vitriclastic lithofacies from Macquarie Island (Southern Ocean): compositional influence on abyssal eruption explosivity in a dying Miocene spreading ridge

2009

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Macquarie Island is composed of a complete section of oceanic crust that formed in a slow-spreading mid-ocean ridge 2.0 to 3.5 km below sea level. Vitriclastic facies preserved on the island have both pyroclastic and hyaloclastic characteristics. Monomict hyaloclastic breccia facies are widespread across the island and are predominantly composed of near-primitive (~7.9 wt% MgO) subalkaline/ transitional (~0.7 wt% K 2 O) sideromelane shards and crystalline basalt clasts with low vesicularity (LV, < 15% vesicles). Breccias are thick bedded and structureless with matrix-supported angular pillow fragments, bomb-sized fluidal mini-pillows, and globular glass lapilli. Clasts are lithologically similar to interbedded pillow basalts and laterally grade into fine-grained sandstone facies. These sandstones are normal-graded, well-laminated, thin bedded, and interstratified with red pelagic mudstone. Lithofacies associations indicate that the hyaloclastic breccias were formed proximal to a source vent via quench-fragmentation, and subsequently reworked by ocean-bottom currents into distal epiclastic sandstone facies. During eruption, co-genetic pillow lava and hypabyssal intrusions mingled with the breccia, forming fluidal peperite. Rare polymict pyroclastic facies only occur in the highest stratigraphic levels and are mostly composed of highly vesicular (HV, 15-50% vesicles) sideromelane shards and crystalline basalt clasts with alkaline (~1.0 wt% K 2 O) fractionated (~6.8% MgO) compositions. Minor lithic grains are composed of subalkaline (~0.7 wt% K 2 O) to very highly alkaline (~1.7 wt% K 2 O) LV sideromelane shards, and amphibole-bearing diabase. The pyroclastic facies contains medium to thick beds of lapilli-tuff that exhibit both reverse and normal grading, diffuse lamination, and planar-grain fabric. These beds are locally overlain by thin fine-grained tuff beds entirely composed of cuspate to very thin elongate bubble-wall shards. These characteristics indicate that explosive deep-marine eruptions produced high-density coarse-grained gravity flows that were covered by slower suspension settle-out of delicate bubble-wall shards. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that explosive eruptions started during the waning stages of more alkaline volcanism along the proto-Macquarie spreading center.

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Section: Lv-pfb/gtb Facies Fragmentation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Vitriclastic lithofacies from Macquarie Island (Southern Ocean): compositional influence on abyssal eruption explosivity in a dying Miocene spreading ridge

2009

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“…Buoyant scoria (Siebe et al, 1995), which can reach and float on the water surface is a minor but perhaps important element of suspension deposits. Subaqueous lava fountains or Hawaiian activities generate less-vesicular lava fragments, forming a cone or rampart around the vent in a similar way to subaerial Strombolian activity (Cas et al, 2003). Below wave base, the preservation potential of these products is high relative to their subaerial counterparts.…”

Section: Scoria and Cinder Conesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particles can be injected directly into the water column by the eruption (Head and Wilson, 2003), producing 'eruption-fed' deposits (White, 2000), potentially including subaqueously welded pyroclastic flow deposits (Kokelaar and Busby, 1992;Kokelaar and Königer, 2000). Four major styles of activity can be defined, producing progressively larger proportions of particulates: (i) fluid lava flows (pillow lavas); (ii) dome-forming events (Kano, 2003); (iii) tephra jets (Surtseyan-type) (Kokelaar and Durant, 1983;Mueller, 2003); and (iv) lava fountains (Mueller and White, 1992;Cas et al, 2003) and columns (Fiske and Cashman, 1987;Cashman and Fiske, 1991;Mueller and White, 1992;Cas et al, 2003). Further work will also inform the 1970-80's view that there is an environmental magma-water ratio that controls explosivity and hence volcano morphology (Lorenz, 1973;Wohletz, 1986): in reality very water-rich eruptions can form on land, and very 'dry' looking pyroclasts can form under water (Fiske, 1969;Kato, 1987).…”

Section: Subaqueous Explosive Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source to sink: A review of three decades of progress in the understanding of volcaniclastic processes, deposits, and hazards

Manville

Németh

Kano

2009

Sedimentary Geology

263

165

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“…; Simpson & McPhie ; Cas et al . ). Delicately curved and folded glass shards (Carlisle ; Batiza et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Simpson & McPhie ; Cas et al . ). In many cases limited exposure of strata prevents assessment of lateral lithological variations from proximal to distal areas to convincingly establish the eruption style and combined sedimentation processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pillow lava and spasmodic submarine fire fountaining in the middle Miocene marginal basin, Sado Island, Japan

et al. 2014

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The Sawasaki basalt unit of the Ogi Basalt Member is a middle Miocene submarine volcano formed in a marginal basin, cropping out on the coast of the Ogi Peninsula, Sado Island, Japan. It is approx. 100 m thick, more than 4 km wide, and is composed of pillow lavas (Sawasaki pillow lava) and overlying fire fountain deposits (Sawasaki pyroclastic rocks). The Sawasaki pillow lava is a pile of nearly-horizontal lava flows. Massive sheet lavas and lava pods grade into pillow lavas. The flat surfaces of the sheet lavas suggest that they spread over a summit plain. The margin of the Sawasaki pillow lava is dominated by thin elongated pillow lobes (20-30 cm across) dipping at 45-60°, contrast with the large pillows (40-100 cm across) in the core. The proximal lithofacies of the Sawasaki pyroclastic rocks is scoria agglomerate which is composed of tens of stratified beds. Individual beds have a range of clast sizes and abundance of subaqueous bombs (sometimes up to >70%), which suggests that they were formed by submarine spasmodic fire fountain eruptions. Progressive aggradation from a turbulent flow allowed settling of well-preserved fluidalshaped subaqueous bombs in a fines-depleted matrix. The basal layer shows lamina, scour and imbrication of scoria clasts. The thick scoria agglomerate beds with large subaqueous bombs, derived from energetic fire fountains, were emplaced during transition to higher degrees of hydrovolcanic fragmentation. Alternating scoria lapilli tuff and tuff beds in the distal area may represent the coupled topset and foreset beds formed by deposition from dilute, turbulent flows, and cascading of volcanic debris from the crest of the volcanic hill.

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Miocene submarine fire fountain deposits, Ryugazaki Headland, Oshoro Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan: Implications for Submarine Fountain Dynamics and Fragmentation Processes

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Vitriclastic lithofacies from Macquarie Island (Southern Ocean): compositional influence on abyssal eruption explosivity in a dying Miocene spreading ridge

Vitriclastic lithofacies from Macquarie Island (Southern Ocean): compositional influence on abyssal eruption explosivity in a dying Miocene spreading ridge

Source to sink: A review of three decades of progress in the understanding of volcaniclastic processes, deposits, and hazards

Pillow lava and spasmodic submarine fire fountaining in the middle Miocene marginal basin, Sado Island, Japan

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