miR-1226 detection in GCF as potential biomarker of chronic periodontitis: A pilot study

Abstract

BackgroundThe study and identification of new biomarkers for periodontal disease, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may give us more information about the location and severity of the disease and will serve as a basis for treatment planning and disease-monitoring. miRNAs are a group of small RNAs which are involved in gene regulation by binding to their messenger RNA target (mRNA). In this pilot study, the procedure for purifying miRNAs from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was, for the first time, described. In addition, the concentration of miRNAs in GCF was analyzed and compared between patients with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy controls.Material and MethodsGCF samples were collected from single-rooted teeth of patients with moderate or severe CP (n=9) and of healthy individuals (n=9). miRNAs were isolated from GCF using miRNeasy Serum/Plasma kit (Qiagen, CA. USA). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of a series of miRNAs candidates that are related to bone metabolism. The significance of differences in miRNA levels between both groups was determined using Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsThe results from this pilot study indicate that miRNAs can be isolated from GCF. Six different miRNAs were analyzed (miR-671, miR-122, miR-1306, miR-27a, miR-223, miR-1226), but only miR-1226 showed statically significant differences between the CP group and healthy controls (p<0.05). This miRNA was downregulated in patients with CP.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the present study, it may be concluded that miR-1226 can be a promising biomarker for periodontal disease, adding relevant information to common clinical parameters used for diagnosis and prognosis of periodontitis. Key words:Small interfering RNA, biomarkers, periodontal diseases, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Upregulation of IL-10 expression inhibits the proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

“…By comparing the genome-wide microRNA expression in healthy and periodontitis-affected tissues, a large set of differential microRNA expression has been identified 8 , indicating the involvement of microRNAs in this disease. The specific functionality of microRNAs in periodontitis pathogenesis remains largely unexplored, except for a recent study demonstrating that miR-1226 in gingival crevicular fluid can serve as a potential biomarker for periodontitis 14 . However, the molecular mechanism of the action that relates miR-1226 to periodontitis is still unspecified.…”

Biosensor and Lab-on-a-chip Biomarker-identifying Technologies for Oral and Periodontal Diseases

“…Recently, Saito et al investigated 600 miRNAs in GCF and found that they had a different profile compared to GCF in healthy subjects (Saito et al, 2017). The expression of miR-1226 in GCF in patients with severe chronic periodontitis was significantly down-regulated (Mico-Martinez et al, 2018) while other groups reported that miRNAs associated with inflammation (e.g., miR-146a and miR-155) were significantly up-regulated in chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, pilot studies have reported increased expression of miR-143-3p (Nisha et al, 2019), miR-381-3p (Fujimori et al, 2019) in chronic periodontitis patients.…”

“…Due to the scarcity of studies on miRNAs in GCF and saliva (Saito et al, 2017;Atsawasuwan et al, 2018;Mico-Martinez et al, 2018;Radovic et al, 2018;Fujimori et al, 2019;Al-Rawi et al, 2020) further studies are still needed. Wearable sensors in the oral cavity may allow detection of miRNA changes, which may be useful for more detailed diagnosis and tracking of dynamics in periodontitis.…”

Use of Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Periodontitis

“…According to Mico et al [81], epigenetic regulation by miRNAs has not yet been studied in periodontal disease using crevicular fluid. They analyzed the possible use as biomarkers of six miRNAs: miR-671, miR-122, miR-1306, miR-27a, miR-223, and miR-1226.…”