miR‐210: More than a silent player in hypoxia

Abstract

Summary Multiple studies have consistently established that miR (microRNA)-210 induction is a feature of the hypoxic response in both normal and transformed cells. Here, we discuss the emerging biochemical functions of this miRNA and anticipate potential clinical applications. miR-210 is a robust target of hypoxia-inducible factor, and its overexpression has been detected in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and solid tumors. High levels of miR-210 have been linked to an in vivo hypoxic signature and associated with adverse prognosis in cancer patients. A wide spectrum of miR-210 targets have been identified, with roles in mitochondrial metabolism, angiogenesis, DNA repair, and cell survival. Such targets may broadly affect the evolution of tumors and other pathological settings, such as ischemic disorders. Harnessing the knowledge of miR-210’s actions may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Neuroligin-associated microRNA-932 targets actin and regulates memory in the honeybee

“…5). This raises the question how miR-210, which has previously been associated with hypoxia response 24 , may affect memory. Considering the extreme sensitivity of neural structures and neurons to hypoxia 57 , we suggest small changes to oxygen levels in metabolic activity neurons may induce expression of miR-210, which in turn targets key molecules including asparagine synthetase and actin.…”

“…In comparison, miR-210 is an independent RNA gene that functions in hypoxia response including targeting the Ephrin-A3 receptor in the nervous system 24,25 . miR-210 is also noted to be differentially expressed in bees performing different behavioural tasks such as brood care and foraging 26 .…”

Functional Roles of microRNAs in Cancer: microRNomes and oncomiRs Connection

“…For example, component of the apoptotic machinery were found to be potentially targeted by HRMs: BID (miR-23), BIM (miR-24); CASP3 (miR-30), CASP 7 (miR-23), APAF1 (miR-27), BAK1 (miR-26), Bnip3L (miR-23) [91]. Recently experimentally data confirmed an important regulatory role in HIF-1 for miR-210, 26 and 181 hypoxia-induced microRNAs [91,92] In addition to the microRNAs that respond to hypoxia by up-regulation of their expression, the following microRNAs were identified as downregulated in hypoxic cells: miR-122a, miR-565, miR-195, miR-30e-5p, miR-374, 19a, miR-101, miR-424, miR-29b, miR-186, miR-141, miR-320, miR-422b, and miR-197 in SCC cells; miR-15b, miR-16, miR-20a, miR-20b, 30b and miR-224 in CNE cells, and miR-424 in trophoblasts [93]. In addition it has been reported that several microRNAs, including miR-16, miR-20a, miR-20b and miR-320, control expression of VEGF [92,93].…”

Role of microRNA-210 in human intervertebral disc degeneration

“…miRNA perturbations are relatively prevalent and highly involved in the development of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, and muscular and cardiovascular diseases (14). As an important subtype of miRNAs, miR-210 expression appears to be associated with a variety of physiological processes, such as mitochondrial metabolism, cell survival, DNA damage repair, proliferation, angiogenesis, transport and protein modification (15,16). Notably, it has previously been reported that miR-210 may be involved in the occurrence, development and prognosis of numerous diseases and types of cancer.…”