MiRNA-103 downmodulates CCR5 expression reducing human immunodeficiency virus type-1 entry and impacting latency establishment in CD4+ T cells

Bellini, Nicolas; Lodge, Robert; Pham, Tram N. Q.; Jain, Jaspreet; Murooka, Thomas T.; Herschhorn, Alon; Bernard, Nicole F.; Routy, Jean‐Pierre; Tremblay, Cécile; Cohen, Éric A.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105234

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This effect was mitigated by depleting p53 in cells using siRNA- mediated silencing of p53 . Inhibition of p53 expression leads to an increase in pol II levels associated with the HIV-1 genome sequences, transcripts elongation, and amplified viral replication [ 58 , 59 ]. Other studies have also found that the N-terminal acidic structural domain of p53 can combine directly with TATA-box binding protein subunit of the universal transcription factor TFIID.…”

Section: Hiv-associated Factors That Can Be Inhibited By P53mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1-related factors interact with p53 to influence cellular processes

Liu,

Guo,

et al. 2023

AIDS Res Ther

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the primary epidemic strain in China. Its genome contains two regulatory genes (tat and rev), three structural genes (gag, pol, and env), and four accessory genes (nef, vpr, vpu, and vif). Long terminal repeats (LTRs) in thegenome regulate integration, duplication, and expression of viral gene. The permissibility of HIV-1 infection hinges on the host cell cycle status. HIV-1 replicates by exploiting various cellular processes via upregulation or downregulation of specific cellular proteins that also control viral pathogenesis. For example, HIV-1 regulates the life cycle of p53, which in turn contributes significantly to HIV-1 pathogenesis. In this article, we review the interaction between HIV-1-associated factors and p53, providing information on their regulatory and molecular mechanisms, hinting possible directions for further research.

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Section: Hiv-associated Factors That Can Be Inhibited By P53mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1-related factors interact with p53 to influence cellular processes

Liu,

Guo,

et al. 2023

AIDS Res Ther

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“…In addition, diagnostic and therapeutic research should consider population differences in miRNA expression related to immunity and the immune response to viral infections [64]. This may provide insight into how to make therapeutics based on resistant populations or avoid sampling biases in diagnostic devices [182,183].…”

Section: Challenges and Future Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs: Small but Key Players in Viral Infections and Immune Responses to Viral Pathogens

Bauer,

Majumdar,

Williams

et al. 2023

Biology

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Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in C. elegans in 1993, the field of miRNA research has grown steeply. These single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules canonically work at the post-transcriptional phase to regulate protein expression. miRNAs are known to regulate viral infection and the ensuing host immune response. Evolving research suggests miRNAs are assets in the discovery and investigation of therapeutics and diagnostics. In this review, we succinctly summarize the latest findings in (i) mechanisms underpinning miRNA regulation of viral infection, (ii) miRNA regulation of host immune response to viral pathogens, (iii) miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics targeting viral pathogens and challenges, and (iv) miRNA patents and the market landscape. Our findings show the differential expression of miRNA may serve as a prognostic biomarker for viral infections in regard to predicting the severity or adverse health effects associated with viral diseases. While there is huge market potential for miRNA technology, the novel approach of using miRNA mimics to enhance antiviral activity or antagonists to inhibit pro-viral miRNAs has been an ongoing research endeavor. Significant hurdles remain in terms of miRNA delivery, stability, efficacy, safety/tolerability, and specificity. Addressing these challenges may pave a path for harnessing the full potential of miRNAs in modern medicine.

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“…Hundreds of eukaryotic cellular miRNAs found to function as post-transcriptional regulators of viral genes have been identified [ 8 , 10 ]. Some of these host cell miRNAs play a role in interfering with the establishment of latent HIV-1 infection [ 11 , 12 ], while others promote cell activation and HIV-1 latency [ 13 , 14 ]. Interestingly, HIV-1-infected cells differentially express cellular miRNAs depending on whether the virus is productive or latent [ 15 ], thereby marking them as possible candidates for biomarkers of disease progression [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of HIV-1-Encoded microRNAs in Viral Replication

Carmi,

Gotlieb,

Shemer-Avni

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that play an important role in the life cycle of human viruses. We sought to characterize human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-encoded miRNAs and determine their role in viral replication. Initially, a bioinformatic analysis was used to predict HIV-1-encoded miRNAs. Next, a representative number of these predicted sequences were verified using a miRNA microarray chip, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and the deep sequencing of RNA extracted from HIV-1-infected cells. Eight HIV-1-encoded sncRNA sequences conforming to the criteria that define miRNAs were identified in HIV-1-infected immortalized T cells and human primary CD4+ lymphocytes; five of the eight sequences have not been previously reported. Deep sequencing validated the presence of these virus-encoded miRNA sequences and uncovered large numbers of atypical sncRNA sequences, lacking characteristics of conventional miRNAs. We named these sequences small RNAs (smRNAs). The overexpression of four candidate HIV-1-encoded miRNAs and silencing of two smRNAs significantly increased HIV-1 viral replication. Our study uncovered novel HIV-1-encoded sncRNAs that, upon deregulated expression, alter viral titers in HIV-1-infected cells, suggesting that miRNAs and smRNAs play an important role in regulating viral replication. Future studies may reveal the function of HIV-1-encoded sncRNAs and their possible implications for diagnosis and treatment.

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MiRNA-103 downmodulates CCR5 expression reducing human immunodeficiency virus type-1 entry and impacting latency establishment in CD4+ T cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 72 publications

HIV-1-related factors interact with p53 to influence cellular processes

HIV-1-related factors interact with p53 to influence cellular processes

MicroRNAs: Small but Key Players in Viral Infections and Immune Responses to Viral Pathogens

The Role of HIV-1-Encoded microRNAs in Viral Replication

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