miRNA cargo within exosome‐like vesicle transfer influences metastatic bone colonization

Human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoproteins affect the expression of cancer-related microRNAs: additional evidence in HPV-induced tumorigenesis

“…Different studies are aimed at identifying signatures of cancer and cancer progression and response to the therapy using proteome and miRNA profiling. It has been suggested that the down-regulation of miR-34a levels in extracellular vesicles isolated from docetaxel resistant prostate cancer cells and of miR-192 levels in extracellular vesicles derived from lung adenocarcinoma can be an indicator of cancer progression and metastasis (Corcoran et al 2014;Valencia et al 2014). It has been reported that in cancer patients the number of circulating extracellular vesicles is higher than in healthy subjects and can be correlated with poor prognosis (Kim et al 2003).…”

Emerging roles of exosomes during epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer progression

“…These internalized miRNA components modulate the stromal target cell, inducing a phenotype that supports tumour cell metastasis. Valencia and colleagues described the influence of miRNA on metastatic bone colonization [174]. Comparative transcriptomic profiling using an in vivo murine model of bone metastasis identified a repressed miRNA signature associated with high pro-metastatic activity.…”

MicroRNAs as regulators of bone homeostasis and bone metastasis

“…Ectopic expression of miR-192 in bone metastatic lung cancer cells resulted in secretion of the miRNA within microvesicles that could be transferred to endothelial cells in vitro. 79 Importantly, the transfer of miR-192 to the endothelial cells reduced angiogenic activity in vitro, and systemic injection decreased osteolytic lesions in a mouse model of bone metastasis. 79 Intravenously injected exosomes are detectable in the bone marrow of mice; 80 thus, the potential exists for exosomedelivered miRNAs to serve as a therapeutic strategy for bonerelated pathologies.…”

“…79 Importantly, the transfer of miR-192 to the endothelial cells reduced angiogenic activity in vitro, and systemic injection decreased osteolytic lesions in a mouse model of bone metastasis. 79 Intravenously injected exosomes are detectable in the bone marrow of mice; 80 thus, the potential exists for exosomedelivered miRNAs to serve as a therapeutic strategy for bonerelated pathologies. Further research is required to monitor the efficiency of targeting to specific cells, both within the bone marrow microenvironment and tumor of origin, and to minimize off-target effects.…”