MiRNA Expression Profiling in HIV Pathogenesis, Disease Progression and Response to Treatment: A Systematic Review

Leo, Carlo Giacomo; Mincarone, Pierpaolo; Tumolo, Maria Rosaria; Panìco, Alessandra; Guido, Marcello; Zizza, Antonella; Guarino, Roberto; Santis, Giuseppe De; Sedile, Raffaella; Sabina, Saverio

doi:10.2217/epi-2021-0237

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…miR-223 attenuates viral gene expression by directly targeting HIV-1 mRNAs in dormant CD4+ T cells where HIV replication is silenced (Yuan et al, 2021). Upregulation of these miRNAs leads to an inhibition of HIV replication (Leo et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression profile of microRNAs related with viral infectivity, inflammatory response, and immune activation in people living with HIV

Cuesta

Márquez-Ruiz²,

Illanes-Álvarez³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the serum expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) with ability to modulate the human immunodeficiency (HIV) replication or inflammatory status in people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsForty healthy controls and two groups of PLWH were evaluated: (a) Group 1 (n = 30), patients with detectable viral load at inclusion, analyzed before receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 12 months after initiating it; (b) Group 2 (n = 55), PLWH with prolonged undetectable viral load. Intestinal barrier disruption (I-FABP) and bacterial translocation (16S rDNA) markers, inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-6 and sCD163, immune activation and expression of specific miRNAs were evaluated.ResultsSerum concentrations of I-FABP, 16S rDNA, IL-6, sCD163 and activated T lymphocytes were increased in PLWH. Serum miR-34a was overexpressed at inclusion and remained elevated after ART. The expression of the remaining miRNAs that modulate HIV infectivity (miR-7, mir-29a, miR-150, and miR-223) was similar in PLWH and controls. Related to miRNAs implicated in inflammation (miR-21, miR-155, and miR-210), significant overexpression were observed in miR-21 and miR-210 levels in untreated PLWH, but levels were restored in those patients treated for a long period.ConclusionA sustained overexpression of miR-34a was detected even after prolonged HIV controlled replication. miR-21 and miR-210 can be considered new markers of inflammation with high sensitivity to its modifications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression profile of microRNAs related with viral infectivity, inflammatory response, and immune activation in people living with HIV

Cuesta

Márquez-Ruiz²,

Illanes-Álvarez³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…In recent years, miRNAs have taken a prominent role in the study of non-coding RNAs [ 281 ]. Many studies have focused on the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of various diseases such as cancer, and neurodegenerative and immune-mediated diseases [ 282 , 283 , 284 , 285 , 286 ]. As knowledge has advanced, it has become apparent that the most important targets of miRNAs are the genes that regulate the complicated inflammatory process [ 287 , 288 , 289 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of MicroRNAs in Sepsis-Related Organ Dysfunction: A Systematic Review

Maiese

Scatena

Costantino

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Sepsis is a critical condition characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proliferating cells such as neutrophils and macrophages in response to microbial pathogens. Such processes lead to an abnormal inflammatory response and multi-organ failure. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded non-coding RNAs with the function of gene regulation. This means that miRNAs are involved in multiple intracellular pathways and thus contribute to or inhibit inflammation. As a result, their variable expression in different tissues and organs may play a key role in regulating the pathophysiological events of sepsis. Thanks to this property, miRNAs may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in such life-threatening events. In this narrative review, we collect the results of recent studies on the expression of miRNAs in heart, blood, lung, liver, brain, and kidney during sepsis and the molecular processes in which they are involved. In reviewing the literature, we find at least 122 miRNAs and signaling pathways involved in sepsis-related organ dysfunction. This may help clinicians to detect, prevent, and treat sepsis-related organ failures early, although further studies are needed to deepen the knowledge of their potential contribution.

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“…Indeed, the decreased vagal tone, reflected by heart rate variability (HRV) measures—one of the best prognosis factors in COVID-19 [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]—has also been correlated with HIV outcomes [ 36 , 37 ] and, more broadly, with the outcomes of bacterial and fungal infections in mice [ 38 ]. Moreover, the epigenetic marker miR 146a-5p has also been correlated with both COVID-19 prognosis [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] and HIV progression [ 43 , 44 ]. Interestingly, miR 146a-5p is also considered to be a unique biomarker of virus- and prion-induced inflammatory neurodegeneration [ 45 ].…”

Section: Invasion Of the Vagus Nerve By Pathogens Appears As A Common...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Pivotal Role of the Vagus Nerve in Health from Pandemics

Rangon¹,

Niezgoda

2022

Bioengineering

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The COVID-19 pandemic seems endless with the regular emergence of new variants. Is the SARS-CoV-2 virus particularly evasive to the immune system, or is it merely disrupting communication between the body and the brain, thus pre-empting homeostasis? Retrospective analysis of the COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics, as well as prion disease, emphasizes the pivotal but little-known role of the 10th cranial nerve in health. Considering neuroimmunometabolism from the point of view of the vagus nerve, non-invasive bioengineering solutions aiming at monitoring and stimulating the vagal tone are subsequently discussed as the next optimal and global preventive treatments, far beyond pandemics.

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MiRNA Expression Profiling in HIV Pathogenesis, Disease Progression and Response to Treatment: A Systematic Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 89 publications

Expression profile of microRNAs related with viral infectivity, inflammatory response, and immune activation in people living with HIV

Expression profile of microRNAs related with viral infectivity, inflammatory response, and immune activation in people living with HIV

Expression of MicroRNAs in Sepsis-Related Organ Dysfunction: A Systematic Review

Understanding the Pivotal Role of the Vagus Nerve in Health from Pandemics

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