Mission, Communion and Relationship

The Fouling Behaviour of Sodium Aluminosilicate Polytypes in High Ionic Strength Caustic Media Heat Exchangers

“…Si03'-) ions and a variety of aluminosilicate complexes. Valuable information which fosters our understanding of how SAS polytypes (amorphous solid, zeolite A, sodalite and cancrinite) may precipitate and foul process equipment and pipes, have emerged from numerous studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Despite the significant advances made on the solution and interfacial chemistry, the mechanisms and kinetics underpinning the fouling process, an effective method for mitigating SAS fouling in high caustic media process industries (Bayer process alumina refinery, HLNW plants and Kraft pulp and paper mills) remains to be achieved, warranting further research studies, both fundamental and applied.…”

“…Fouling can be so severe that, in tubular heat exchangers, complete tube blockage may sometimes occur within a few (e.g. [4][5][6] weeks of operation. In addition to SAS scale, other solid phases such as alumina hydrates, calcium titanate and sodium diuranate may form deposits elsewhere in certain plants.…”