Mitigating accidental ammonia (NH3) release from storage tank based on risk distribution using ALOHA and fault tree analysis in PT. Sarihusada Generasi Mahardhika 2 Klaten

Nikita,; Santosa, Haryono Budi; Kasim, Fadli; Prasetyo, Enggar Yudha; Ayash, Muhammad Yahya

doi:10.1063/5.0003348

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Prototype CEIBO software was used, which integrates risk assessment packages with a process simulator. Finally, Nikita et al developed a fault tree diagram to specify the basic causes that lead to ammonia release from a pressurized storage tank. The probability of ammonia release was then estimated using Boolean algebra equations to be 3.877 × 10 –3 per year.…”

Section: Hazard and Risk Assessment Of An Industrial Ammonia Refriger...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Safety Issues and Risk Assessment of Industrial Ammonia Refrigeration System

Khudhur

Abdullah

Norazahar

2022

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

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Several industries like cold storage and ice plants heavily rely on ammonia (NH3) due to its low cost, excellent thermophysical traits, and zero effects on the ozone layer. Despite its widespread use as a refrigerant, the hazardous nature of ammonia remains a significant health concern. Since the industrial revolution, ammonia leakage has led to numerous major accidents, including fire and vapor cloud explosions. This paper reviews the safety issues and the current practices of risk assessment with regard to the industrial ammonia used in refrigeration systems. In addition, previous works related to the risk analysis of ammonia-based industries are reviewed. The majority of ammonia refrigeration system-related works applied the traditional static tools for risk analysis such as fault tree, event tree, and bow-tie that are not suitable to handle common causes of failures or conditional dependencies, which are absolutely significant aspects for a reliable safety assessment. Thus, it is vital to maintain and improve the safety levels of diverse industries using ammonia-based refrigeration systems. Various characteristics of ammonia-based refrigeration systems and their safety issues related to industry, present development, and future trends are comprehensively underscored. This review may act as a guide to develop a better understanding of dealing effectively with the hazards of ammonia-based refrigeration systems and risk assessment, thus enhancing the overall safety of humans and the environment.

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Section: Hazard and Risk Assessment Of An Industrial Ammonia Refriger...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Safety Issues and Risk Assessment of Industrial Ammonia Refrigeration System

Khudhur

Abdullah

Norazahar

2022

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

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“…In addition, the status-quo and existing issues of the hydrogen refuelling infrastructure has been discussed in various sources [23]. Authors have recently focused on ammonia, among them a review of the countermeasures to reduce the carbon emissions in shipping was performed in [24], where it is suggested among others that ammonia will be commercially viable alternative in the future. Others, presented an overview of the various hydrogen supply chains for the European ammonia production concluding that the production from electrolysis with non-fossil fuels has the highest overall emissions [25].…”

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

et al. 2021

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In April 2018, the International Maritime Organisation adopted an ambitious plan to contribute to the global efforts to reduce the Greenhouse Gas emissions, as set by the Paris Agreement, by targeting a 50% reduction in shipping’s Green House Gas emissions by 2050, benchmarked to 2008 levels. To meet these challenging goals, the maritime industry must introduce environmentally friendly fuels with negligible, or low SOX, NOX and CO2 emissions. Ammonia use in maritime applications is considered promising, due to its high energy density, low flammability, easy storage and low production cost. Moreover, ammonia can be used as fuel in a variety of propulsors such as fuel cells and can be produced from renewable sources. As a result, ammonia can be used as a versatile marine fuel, exploiting the existing infrastructure, and having zero SOX and CO2 emissions. However, there are several challenges to overcome for ammonia to become a compelling fuel towards the decarbonisation of shipping. Such factors include the selection of the appropriate ammonia-fuelled power generator, the selection of the appropriate system safety assessment tool, and mitigating measures to address the hazards of ammonia. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of ammonia fuelled fuel cells for marine applications and presents their potential, and challenges.

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Risk and consequence analysis of ammonia storage units in a nuclear fuel cycle facility

Das,

Kumar,

Sivapirakasam

2024

Process Safety Progress

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Industrial disasters, such as unintended toxic gas releases resulting in fires, explosion, and fatalities, are damaging both the global ecology and the social acceptance of the related technology. Risk and consequence analysis is the key feature of process safety measures for the protection of environment and human life. In this work, the risk and consequence analysis of unintended release of anhydrous liquid ammonia for one of the storage tanks, located inside the nuclear fuel cycle facility, was analyzed for leakages leading to exposure of surrounding human population and fire with allied thermal radiation risk. The risk assessment was performed using four methods: Fault tree, E&FI methodology, Probit, and ALOHA, It was observed that while the predicted hazard severities from fault‐tree analysis, Probit analysis, and ALOHA nearly converged, the conventional F&EI, the safety workhorse of the chemical industry estimated low numeric values of the respective hazard. A methodology was proposed to load this general F&EI value for the case of chemical plant being located inside a nuclear facility. Overloaded F&EI procedure estimated hazard value for envisaged unintended ammonia release in good agreement, with results from FTA, Probit, and ALOHA analyses.

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Mitigating accidental ammonia (NH3) release from storage tank based on risk distribution using ALOHA and fault tree analysis in PT. Sarihusada Generasi Mahardhika 2 Klaten

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

A Review of Safety Issues and Risk Assessment of Industrial Ammonia Refrigeration System

A Review of Safety Issues and Risk Assessment of Industrial Ammonia Refrigeration System

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

Risk and consequence analysis of ammonia storage units in a nuclear fuel cycle facility

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