Mitigation of Salinity-Induced Oxidative Damage, Growth, and Yield Reduction in Fine Rice by Sugarcane Press Mud Application

Abstract

Salinity stress is one of the major global problems that negatively affect crop growth and productivity. Therefore, ecofriendly and sustainable strategies for mitigating salinity stress in agricultural production and global food security are highly demandable. Sugarcane press mud (PM) is an excellent source of the organic amendment, and the role of PM in mitigating salinity stress is not well understood. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate how the PM mitigates salinity stress through the regulation of rice growth, yield, physiological properties, and antioxidant enzyme activities in fine rice grown under different salinity stress conditions. In this study, different levels of salinity (6 and 12 dS m–1) with or without different levels of 3, 6, and 9% of SPM, respectively were tested. Salinity stress significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA, 38%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 74.39%), Na+ (61.5%), electrolyte leakage (40.32%), decreased chlorophyll content (32.64%), leaf water content (107.77%), total soluble protein (TSP, 72.28%), and free amino acids (FAA, 75.27%). However, these negative effects of salinity stress were reversed mainly in rice plants after PM application. PM application (9%) remained the most effective and significantly increased growth, yield, TSP, FAA, accumulation of soluble sugars, proline, K+, and activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). Thus, these findings suggest a PM-mediated eco-friendly strategy for salinity alleviation in agricultural soil could be useful for plant growth and productivity in saline soils.

Comparison of grain sorghum and alfalfa for providing heavy metal remediation of sandy soil with different soil amendments and salt stress

“…An increase in Na + led to a significant reduction in K + levels in the aerial parts of both plant species. Similar results were reported (Khan et al, 2022) in the radicals and plumules of maize. Soil amendment with CO or manure increased K content in plants grown with saline irrigation.…”

“…The oraganic amendments such as plant based compost, farmyard manure, bioferlizer are cost effective and ecofriendly conpaterd to commertial chemical fertilizers (Kumar et al, 2022). The organic amendments associated plant growth promoting with stress adaptating traits have enourmous potential to solve these environment challenges (Khan et al, 2022). The more beneficial impact of these OAs contain several mineral nutritions (i.e., N,P,K, Zn, and S), modulates phytohormones, increase plant growth promoting microbes (Kumar et al, 2022;Rahman et al, 2018).…”

“…Supplying the nutrients N, P, and K, these organic amendments can significantly improve the mineral nutrient status and growth of plants in such soils (Mbarki et al, 2020;Hafez et al, 2021). There is also substantial evidence that applying compost as a soil amendment in areas using saline water for irrigation can decrease soil salinity levels and improve agricultural production (Kalanaki et al, 2020;Khan et al, 2022)Similarly, Farrag et al (2021) showed that the yield of an important feed crop in Egypt, blue panic grass, irrigated with saline water, is maintained without reducing the already limited freshwater availability. The primary constraint associated with the repetitive use of CO is the contamination with heavy metals in soil which is of concern in agriculture production due to phytotoxicity and environmental health of soil organisms.…”

The Critical Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Improve Drought Tolerance and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops

“…Drought stress also disturbs electron transport and decreases the pool size of electron acceptors ( Feng and Cao, 2005 ; Azzeme et al, 2016 ), also leading to marked reduction in photosynthesis. Drought-induced ROS also damage membrane integrity and cause oxidation of proteins, DNA, nucleic acid, lipids, and carbohydrates ( Sabra et al, 2012 ; Dossa et al, 2017 ; Hassan et al, 2019 , 2021 ; Bao et al, 2020 ; Jinhu et al, 2022 ; Khan et al, 2022a , b ). However, plants accumulate different osmolytes to counter the effects of DS.…”

Mulberry based zinc nano-particles mitigate salinity induced toxic effects and improve the grain yield and zinc bio-fortification of wheat by improving antioxidant activities, photosynthetic performance, and accumulation of osmolytes and hormones

“…Additionally, SS reduces the number of leaves per plant, root and shoot growth, and biomass production. As these changes can cause huge yield losses ( Ramadan et al, 2019 ; Khan et al, 2022 ), appropriate measures to mitigate the adverse effects of SS on plants are urgently needed.…”