Mitigation Strategies Based on Local Tsunami Effects

Preuss, Jane; Raad, Peter E.; Bidoae, Razvan

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3618-3_5

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In this paper attention is focused on the propagation of tsunamis generated in the coastal zone. This subject has gained wide interest after recent episodes of destructive events that have proven the damaging potential of local tsunamis, and have also shown the need of devising more efficient means and methods to protect coastal communities from their attacks (Preuss, Raad & Bidoae 2001). Our purpose is to compute near-source tsunami evolution, as well as tsunami run-up and rundown, and the corresponding tsunami penetration and withdrawal, in relation to the characteristics of the co-seismic dislocation of the coast determined by the near-shore earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical evolution of tsunamis induced by near-shore earthquakes on a constant-slope ocean

Tinti

Tonini

2005

J. Fluid Mech.

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Strong near-shore earthquakes are the most frequent sources of tsunamis in many oceans of the world. In the framework of the nonlinear shallow-water theory, the initial sea-surface tsunami elevation is assumed to equal the sea-floor co-seismic displacement produced by the seismic event. This is quantified by means of the analytical formulas due to Okada (1985, 1992), dealing with seismic faults buried in an elastic medium. In this work the propagation of tsunamis is studied along two-dimensional profiles on an idealized constant-slope sea bed, an approximation that allows one to reduce the governing nonlinear equations to a linear problem by means of the classical Carrier & Greenspan (1958) approach. We introduce an analytical solution that is sufficiently general to account for initial conditions associated with paradigmatic cases of sea-bottom deformations produced by near-shore earthquakes, such as subsidence or uplift of the coastal area, and can be also used to treat more complex deformations. The main result is that the amplification of the tsunami height at the coast is found to range between approximately 1 and 2. The amplification is around 1 for tsunamis induced by earthquakes with their epicentre inland and tends to grow as the fault moves seaward. We restrict our analysis to earthquakes that dislocate the shore region. Within the class of sources that we consider, the tsunamis that are most amplified are the ones having initial profiles with a crest–trough–crest system or conversely with a trough–crest–trough system. The bottom slope is found to have no effect on tsunami run-ups and run-downs, but to influence tsunami periods and tsunami speed remarkably. Breaking analysis shows that wave breaking does not occur if the initial wave height is less than 8–9 m, and that the simplest sea-level profiles, which are associated with earthquakes with their epicentre on land, are not expected to break even if their initial height exceeds 19 m.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical evolution of tsunamis induced by near-shore earthquakes on a constant-slope ocean

Tinti

Tonini

2005

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…The criteria to identify these micro-vulnerabilities were established around two factors. First, according to relevant bibliography on the safety-and evacuationrelated characteristics of built indoor and open spaces during earthquakes, tsunamis and other types of hazards (Ciborowski, 1982;Preuss et al, 2001;Ercolano, 2008;Scheer et al, 2012). Secondly, they were based on examiners' reports about the largescale tsunami evacuation drills carried out by ONEMI in 2013 in the coastal regions of Tarapacá and Biobío, Chile, that underline several built environment's characteristics that hindered or endangered the evacuation of the population (Walker, 2013a,b).…”

Section: Micro-scale Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Built Environment's Physical Urban Form in Supporting Rapid Tsunami Evacuations: Using Computer-Based Models and Real-World Data as Examination Tools

León

Mokrani

Catalán

et al. 2019

Front. Built Environ.

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Cities are increasingly becoming hot-spots for nature-originated disasters. While the role of the urban built environment in fostering disaster resilience has been recognized for some time, it has been difficult to translate this potential into practice. This is especially challenging in the case of rapid onset crises such as near-field tsunamis when appropriate urban forms must support the populations' ability to autonomously carry out safe and timely responses. In this respect, much of current research remains focused on large-scale elements of urban configuration (streets, squares, parks, etc.,) through which people move during an emergency. In contrast, the critical micro-scale of evacuees' experiences within the built environment is not commonly examined. This paper addresses this shortfall through a macro-and micro-scale analysis of a near-field tsunami scenario affecting the city of Viña del Mar, Chile, including a mixed-methods approach that combines computer-based models and fieldwork. The results show significant macro-scale tsunami vulnerability throughout major areas of the city, which nonetheless could be mitigated by existing nearby high ground and an urban form that allows short evacuation times. However, micro-scale outcomes show comparatively deficient spatial conditions that during an emergency might lead to dangerous outcomes including bottlenecks, falls and panic. Vertical evacuation, in turn, is confirmed as a suitable option for reducing vulnerability, but further examination of each shelter's characteristics is required.

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Mitigation of tsunami bore impact on a vertical wall behind a barrier

Melville

Whittaker

et al. 2021

Coastal Engineering

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Mitigation Strategies Based on Local Tsunami Effects

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Analytical evolution of tsunamis induced by near-shore earthquakes on a constant-slope ocean

Analytical evolution of tsunamis induced by near-shore earthquakes on a constant-slope ocean

The Role of Built Environment's Physical Urban Form in Supporting Rapid Tsunami Evacuations: Using Computer-Based Models and Real-World Data as Examination Tools

Mitigation of tsunami bore impact on a vertical wall behind a barrier

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