Mitochondrial alterations in human gastric carcinoma cell line

Abstract

We compared mitochondrial function, morphology, and proteome in the rat normal gastric cell line RGM-1 and the human gastric cancer cell line AGS. Total numbers and cross-sectional sizes of mitochondria were smaller in AGS cells. Mitochondria in AGS cells were deformed and consumed less oxygen. Confocal microscopy indicated that the mitochondrial inner membrane potential was hyperpolarized and the mitochondrial Ca 2ϩ concentration was elevated in AGS cells. Interestingly, two-dimensional electrophoresis proteomics on the mitochondria-enriched fraction revealed high expression of four mitochondrial proteins in AGS cells: ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, mitochondrial short-chain enoyl-coenzyme A hydratase-1, heat shock protein 60, and mitochondria elongation factor Tu. The results provide clues as to the mechanism of the mitochondrial changes in cancer at the protein level and may serve as potential cancer biomarkers in mitochondria.

Mitochondrial modulation decreases the bortezomib-resistance in multiple myeloma cells

“…In our previous study, relatively greater DW m and [Ca 21 ] M were found in a human gastric cancer cell line compared with that in normal cells. 35 Consistently, in this study, the KMS20 cells, having greater DW m , exhibited more robust resistance to bortezomib treatment. In addition, when bortezomib was combined with FCCP, which induces dissipation of DW m , bortezomib resistance was overcome in KMS20 cells (Fig.…”

Proteome Analysis of B. subtilis in Response to Calcium

“…Notably, in agreement with our results, the genes encoding adenylate kinase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and the heat-shock protein were also found to be regulated by Ca 2+ ions in E. coli [19]. Surprisingly some of these proteins (adenylate kinase and fructose 1,6-biphosphatase aldolase) have been linked to Ca 2+ regulation in eukaryotic organisms [43][44][45]. For example, the action of the membrane-bound adenylate kinase (AK) in rod outer segments of bovine retina that mediates reactions needed for phototransduction is Ca 2+ -dependent [44].…”

“…It is interesting to mention that a genomic analysis of EF-hand related sequences in Arabidopsis found several elongation factors as EF-hand containing proteins [57]. In addition, a 2DE proteomic analysis showed that the synthesis of EF-Tu is affected by Ca 2+ levels [43]. ] i levels have been more frequently studied in E. coli and cyanobacteria [13][14][15]19], limited studies have been done in B. subtilis.…”

Mitochondrial Markers for Cancer: Relevance to Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis and General Understanding of Malignant Disease Mechanisms

“…When comparing a human gastric cancer cell line with normal rat gastric mucosal cells, electron microscopy reveals a significant decrease in both the numbers per cell and the size of mitochondria [162]. An ultrastructural study of renal cancer observes most severe mitochondrial aberrations in eosinophilic clear cell renal cell carcinomas, where most mitochondria appear swollen with loose matrix and short attenuated cristae [163].…”