Mitochondrial control region and 12S rRNA variation in Przewalski’s horse (<i>Equus przewalskii</i>)

Oakenfull, E. Ann; Ryder, Oliver A.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2052.1998.296380.x

Cited by 50 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…2). This finding is in agreement with the observation that virtually all Przewalski's horse control region haplotypes belong to haplogroup F, with one notable exception (AF055879) (23). Recently, four complete Przewalski mtDNAs were published (24).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication

Achilli

Olivieri

Soares

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

222

356

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Archaeological and genetic evidence concerning the time and mode of wild horse (Equus ferus) domestication is still debated. High levels of genetic diversity in horse mtDNA have been detected when analyzing the control region; recurrent mutations, however, tend to blur the structure of the phylogenetic tree. Here, we brought the horse mtDNA phylogeny to the highest level of molecular resolution by analyzing 83 mitochondrial genomes from modern horses across Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas. Our data reveal 18 major haplogroups (A-R) with radiation times that are mostly confined to the Neolithic and later periods and place the root of the phylogeny corresponding to the Ancestral Mare Mitogenome at ∼130-160 thousand years ago. All haplogroups were detected in modern horses from Asia, but F was only found in E. przewalskii-the only remaining wild horse. Therefore, a wide range of matrilineal lineages from the extinct E. ferus underwent domestication in the Eurasian steppes during the Eneolithic period and were transmitted to modern E. caballus breeds. Importantly, now that the major horse haplogroups have been defined, each with diagnostic mutational motifs (in both the coding and control regions), these haplotypes could be easily used to (i) classify well-preserved ancient remains, (ii) (re)assess the haplogroup variation of modern breeds, including Thoroughbreds, and (iii) evaluate the possible role of mtDNA backgrounds in racehorse performance.horse mitochondrial genome | mtDNA haplogroups | origin of Equus caballus | Przewalski's horse | animal domestication

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication

Achilli

Olivieri

Soares

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

222

356

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“…According to studbook records, four mitochondrial lineages survived, and a sequencing study (4) showed that only two mtDNA types exist in these four lineages. However, in the Przewalski's horses' sequences we found three mtDNA types, the third in the data of Ishida et al (10).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse

Jansen

Forster

Levine

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

298

330

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The place and date of the domestication of the horse has long been a matter for debate among archaeologists. To determine whether horses were domesticated from one or several ancestral horse populations, we sequenced the mitochondrial D-loop for 318 horses from 25 oriental and European breeds, including American mustangs. Adding these sequences to previously published data, the total comes to 652, the largest currently available database. From these sequences, a phylogenetic network was constructed that showed that most of the 93 different mitochondrial (mt)DNA types grouped into 17 distinct phylogenetic clusters. Several of the clusters correspond to breeds and͞or geographic areas, notably cluster A2, which is specific to Przewalski's horses, cluster C1, which is distinctive for northern European ponies, and cluster D1, which is well represented in Iberian and northwest African breeds. A consideration of the horse mtDNA mutation rate together with the archaeological timeframe for domestication requires at least 77 successfully breeding mares recruited from the wild. The extensive genetic diversity of these 77 ancestral mares leads us to conclude that several distinct horse populations were involved in the domestication of the horse.

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“…It has been proposed therefore that Przewalski horses are not ancestral to modern domestic horses 23,30 . However, the Przewalski haplotypes do fall within the large diversity of modern horse mtDNA 14,15,17,25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship of Przewalski's horse to modern domestic horses remains controversial 9,11,17,[28][29][30] . Przewalski horses are generally viewed as either the last surviving wild-horse population, or a feral-horse population derived from a primitive domestic lineage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of lost diversity of paternal horse lineages using ancient DNA

et al. 2011

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modern domestic horses display abundant genetic diversity within female-inherited mitochondrial DnA, but practically no sequence diversity on the male-inherited Y chromosome. several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this discrepancy, but can only be tested through knowledge of the diversity in both the ancestral (pre-domestication) maternal and paternal lineages. As wild horses are practically extinct, ancient DnA studies offer the only means to assess this ancestral diversity. Here we show considerable ancestral diversity in ancient male horses by sequencing 4 kb of Y chromosomal DnA from eight ancient wild horses and one 2,800-year-old domesticated horse. Both ancient and modern domestic horses form a separate branch from the ancient wild horses, with the Przewalski horse at its base. our methodology establishes the feasibility of re-sequencing long ancient nuclear DnA fragments and demonstrates the power of ancient Y chromosome DnA sequence data to provide insights into the evolutionary history of populations.

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Mitochondrial control region and 12S rRNA variation in Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalskii)

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication

Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication

Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse

Discovery of lost diversity of paternal horse lineages using ancient DNA

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