Mitochondrial framework (reticulum mitochondriale) in rat diaphragm muscle

Bakeeva, L. E.; Chentsov, Yu. S.; Skulachev, Vladimir P.

doi:10.1016/0005-2728(78)90104-4

Cited by 206 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Mitochondria have been reported 1) to exist as independent and heterogeneous organelles, 2) to belong to functionally different mitochondrial (sub)popula- tions, and 3) to form interconnected mitochondrial network(s) (Bakeeva et al, 1978;Amchenkova et al, 1988;Rizzuto et al, 1998;De Giorgi et al, 2000;Park et al, 2001;Collins et al, 2002). The connection between mitochondrial filaments is highly relevant for mitochondrial function, because it allows energy transmission between different cellular regions (Amchenkova et al, 1988) and determines the size and dynamics of the mitochondrial Ca 2ϩ pool(s) (Rizzuto et al, 1998;De Giorgi et al, 2000;Park et al, 2001;Collins et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, mitochondrial fusion has not been studied with similar assays in human cells, and it is not known to what extent the apparent fusion events observed by live microscopy correspond to the formation of intermitochondrial junctions (Bakeeva et al, 1978;Amchenkova et al, 1988), to outer membrane fusion, or to complete fusion of double membranes. In addition, we ignore the extent, kinetics, and requirements of fusion and fission, which determine the degree of mitochondrial interconnectivity and the efficiency of molecular exchanges between mitochondria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial Fusion in Human Cells Is Efficient, Requires the Inner Membrane Potential, and Is Mediated by Mitofusins

Legros

Lombès

Frachon

et al. 2002

MBoC

585

399

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Mitochondrial fusion remains a largely unknown process despite its observation by live microscopy and the identification of few implicated proteins. Using green and red fluorescent proteins targeted to the mitochondrial matrix, we show that mitochondrial fusion in human cells is efficient and achieves complete mixing of matrix contents within 12 h. This process is maintained in the absence of a functional respiratory chain, despite disruption of microtubules or after significant reduction of cellular ATP levels. In contrast, mitochondrial fusion is completely inhibited by protonophores that dissipate the inner membrane potential. This inhibition, which results in rapid fragmentation of mitochondrial filaments, is reversible: small and punctate mitochondria fuse to reform elongated and interconnected ones upon withdrawal of protonophores. Expression of wild-type or dominant-negative dynamin-related protein 1 showed that fragmentation is due to dynamin-related protein 1-mediated mitochondrial division. On the other hand, expression of mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), one of the human Fzo homologues, increased mitochondrial length and interconnectivity. This process, but not Mfn1 targeting, was dependent on the inner membrane potential, indicating that overexpressed Mfn1 stimulates fusion. These results show that human mitochondria represent a single cellular compartment whose exchanges and interconnectivity are dynamically regulated by the balance between continuous fusion and fission reactions. INTRODUCTIONThe morphology and distribution of mitochondria differ significantly between the cells of different species and tissues. In addition, mitochondrial volume and morphology vary in function of cellular metabolism, are modulated during cell cycle and development, and during apoptosis (Stevens, 1981;Tzagoloff, 1982;Bereiter-Hahn and Voth, 1994;Church and Poyton, 1998;Diaz et al., 1999;Frank et al., 2001). Live microscopy has revealed that mitochondrial morphology is continuously remodeled by fission and fusion (Nunnari et al., 1997;Rizzuto et al., 1998). In yeast, selective inhibition of either process significantly modifies mitochondrial size and interconnectivity (Bleazard et al., 1999;Sesaki and Jensen, 1999). Among the best known proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics are Fzo/ mitofusin, a transmembrane GTPase involved in fusion (Hales and Fuller, 1997;Hermann et al., 1998;Santel and Fuller, 2001;Rojo et al., 2002), and Dnm1p/dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a dynamin-related protein involved in fission (Bleazard et al., 1999;Pitts et al., 1999;Smirnova et al., 2001).In yeast, mitochondrial fusion has been demonstrated by the diffusion and/or mixing of different matrix proteins during mating of haploid cells (Azpiroz and Butow, 1993;Nunnari et al., 1997). In contrast, mitochondrial fusion has not been studied with similar assays in human cells, and it is not known to what extent the apparent fusion events observed by live microscopy correspond to the formation of intermitochondrial junctions (Bakeeva et al., 1978;Amche...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Fusion in Human Cells Is Efficient, Requires the Inner Membrane Potential, and Is Mediated by Mitofusins

Legros

Lombès

Frachon

et al. 2002

MBoC

585

399

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“…In contrast, the mitochondria of animal cells are typically discrete round or sausage-like organelles (for review, see Bereiter-Hahn, 1990;Bereiter-Hahn and Voth, 1994). Only in certain types of differentiated mammalian cells have reticulate mitochondria been observed (Bakeeva et al, 1978;Bawa and Werner, 1988;BereiterHahn, 1990;Smirnova et al, 1998;Yaffe, 1999b). Similarly, higher plant mitochondria have been typically portrayed as round to sausage-like organelles (Olyslaegers and Verbelen, 1998;Logan and Leaver, 2000;Nebenfü hr et al, 2000;Arimura and Tsutsumi, 2002;Van Gestel and Verbelen, 2002;Logan et al, 2003;Arimura et al, 2004;Logan, 2006a).…”

Section: Reticular Mitochondria Have Not Been Observed In Unperturbedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, changes in their architecture and their ability to translocate rapidly throughout the cytoplasm appear to be of critical importance for executing their cellular functions. For example, it has long been known that mitochondria congregate around cellular areas with high energy requirements (Bakeeva et al, 1978;Bawa and Werner, 1988;Bereiter-Hahn, 1990;Bereiter-Hahn and Voth, 1994;Logan, 2006a). In addition, in both mammalian and plant cells, they constantly undergo fission, fusion, and branching changes while sliding to different cellular locations (Bereiter-Hahn, 1990;BereiterHahn and Voth, 1994;Logan and Leaver, 2000;Arimura et al, 2004;Logan, 2006aLogan, , 2006b.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, in mammalian cells, where large numbers of mitochondria can be resolved by light microscopy techniques, their architecture can vary from small (1-2 mm in diameter) spheres/ovals to 10-mm-long, sausage-like, and sometimes branched organelles whose longitudinal axis tends to parallel the orientation of the radial microtubules (MTs; Bereiter-Hahn, 1990). However, in specialized cell types such as muscle fibers (Bakeeva et al, 1978) and COS-7 cells (Yaffe, 1999b), some of the mitochondria have been shown to possess a more network/reticulate type of organization. All of these changes in mitochondrial shape and the accompanying fusion and fission events can occur within minutes (Bereiter-Hahn and Voth, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Mitochondrial Cycle of Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem and Leaf Primordium Meristematic Cells Is Defined by a Perinuclear Tentaculate/Cage-Like Mitochondrion

2008

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Plant cells exhibit a high rate of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) recombination. This implies that before cytokinesis, the different mitochondrial compartments must fuse to allow for mtDNA intermixing. When and how the conditions for mtDNA intermixing are established are largely unknown. We have investigated the cell cycle-dependent changes in mitochondrial architecture in different Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell types using confocal microscopy, conventional, and threedimensional electron microscopy techniques. Whereas mitochondria of cells from most plant organs are always small and dispersed, shoot apical and leaf primordial meristematic cells contain small, discrete mitochondria in the cell periphery and one large, mitochondrial mass in the perinuclear region. Serial thin-section reconstructions of high-pressure-frozen shoot apical meristem cells demonstrate that during G1 through S phase, the large, central mitochondrion has a tentaculate morphology and wraps around one nuclear pole. In G2, both types of mitochondria double their volume, and the large mitochondrion extends around the nucleus to establish a second sheet-like domain at the opposite nuclear pole. During mitosis, approximately 60% of the smaller mitochondria fuse with the large mitochondrion, whose volume increases to 80% of the total mitochondrial volume, and reorganizes into a cage-like structure encompassing first the mitotic spindle and then the entire cytokinetic apparatus. During cytokinesis, the cage-like mitochondrion divides into two independent tentacular mitochondria from which new, small mitochondria arise by fission. These cell cycle-dependent changes in mitochondrial architecture explain how these meristematic cells can achieve a high rate of mtDNA recombination and ensure the even partitioning of mitochondria between daughter cells.Mitochondria are the principal source of ATP energy in eukaryotic cells. Although they are often portrayed as static, oval or rod-shaped organelles that sometimes exhibit a branched configuration, studies of living cells carried out over the past 30 years have demonstrated that they are among the most plastic organelles of cells in terms of form and distribution (Calvayrac et al

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The Structures of Organelles and Reticula: Localised Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Williams

2001

ChemBioChem

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Mitochondrial framework (reticulum mitochondriale) in rat diaphragm muscle

Cited by 206 publications

References 42 publications

Mitochondrial Fusion in Human Cells Is Efficient, Requires the Inner Membrane Potential, and Is Mediated by Mitofusins

Mitochondrial Fusion in Human Cells Is Efficient, Requires the Inner Membrane Potential, and Is Mediated by Mitofusins

The Mitochondrial Cycle of Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem and Leaf Primordium Meristematic Cells Is Defined by a Perinuclear Tentaculate/Cage-Like Mitochondrion

The Structures of Organelles and Reticula: Localised Bioenergetics and Metabolism

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