Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-regulated genes with predicted signal peptides function in the Glycine max defense response to the root pathogenic nematode Heterodera glycines

Abstract

Glycine max has 32 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nine of them exhibiting defense functions (defense MAPKs) to the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines . RNA seq analyses of transgenic G . max lines overexpressing (OE) each defense MAPK has led to the identification of 309 genes that are increased in their relative transcript abundance by all 9 defense MAPKs. Here, 71 of those genes are shown to also have measurable amounts of transcript in H . glycines -induced nurse cells (syncytia) produced in the root that are undergoing a defense response. The 71 genes have been grouped into 7 types, based on their expression profile. Among the 71 genes are 8 putatively-secreted proteins that include a galactose mutarotase-like protein, pollen Ole e 1 allergen and extensin protein, endomembrane protein 70 protein, O-glycosyl hydrolase 17 protein, glycosyl hydrolase 32 protein, FASCICLIN-like arabinogalactan protein 17 precursor, secreted peroxidase and a pathogenesis-related thaumatin protein. Functional transgenic analyses of all 8 of these candidate defense genes that employ their overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) demonstrate they have a role in defense. Overexpression experiments that increase the relative transcript abundance of the candidate defense gene reduces the ability that the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines has in completing its life cycle while, in contrast, RNAi of these genes leads to an increase in parasitism. The results provide a genomic analysis of the importance of MAPK signaling in relation to the secretion apparatus during the defense process defense in the G . max - H . glycines pathosystem and identify additional targets for future studies.

The impact of pRAP vectors on plant genetic transformation and pathogenesis studies including an analysis of BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1)-mediated resistance

“…Data from 24 previously published experiments performed in different laboratories have been used in the comparative analyses Ibrahim et al 2011;Matsye et al 2012;Matthews et al 2013Matthews et al , 2014Youssef et al 2013aYoussef et al , 2013bPant et al 2014Pant et al , 2015aPant et al , 2015bWoo et al 2014;Maldonado et al 2014aMaldonado et al , 2014bSharma et al 2016Sharma et al , 2020McNeece et al 2017McNeece et al , 2019Lawaju et al 2018Lawaju et al , 2020Austin et al 2019;Niraula et al 2020aNiraula et al , 2020bNiraula et al , 2021. The data has been obtained from the appropriately cited works or unpublished data that was associated with the references.…”

Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase increases tightly-bound xyloglucan and chain number but decreases chain length contributing to the defense response that Glycine max has to Heterodera glycines

“…glycines parasitism has shown a number of them function in the process, leading to the expression of different suites of proven defense genes [ 50 ]. RNA sequencing has revealed the relative transcript abundances of different suites of genes are regulated by these MAPKs while also a core set of syncytium expressed genes are regulated by these MAPKs [ 51 , 52 ]. Consequently, a number of different routes that lead to the failure of the syncytium to form could exist, but they may or may not all involve XTHs in one way or another.…”

Conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex genes functioning in defense are expressed in root cells undergoing a defense response to a pathogenic infection and exhibit regulation my MAPKs

“…RNA sequencing (RNA seq) data is available as BioProject ID PRJNA664992, Submission ID: SUB8182387 [ 47 , 51 ]. Single replicate generation of RNA seq data is derived from 9 defense MAPK overexpressing roots whose gene accessions have been presented in the previous section [ 32 ].…”

“…max has toward H . glycines [ 28 , 29 , 32 , 47 ]. In the experiments presented here, transcriptomic data is presented showing the COG gene expression occurring within H .…”