Mixed convection from a horizontal plate to fluids of any Prandtl number

Comprehensive correlations for laminar mixed convection on vertical and horizontal flat plates

“…Both cases of buoyancy-assisting and buoyancy-opposing flows are included. The simple correlations of the Nusselt number for mixed convection agree excellently with the numerical results presented in [1][2][3] over the entire mixed convection regime from pure forced convection limit to pure free convection limit, and for fluids of any Prandtl number between 0.001 and 10,000.…”

“…These equations were then solved step-by-step from { = 0 to 4 = 1 with a very effective finite-difference scheme. The numerical results off" (4, 0), 0' (4, 0) and 4) (4, 0) are presented in [1][2][3] for Pr=0.001 to 10,000 and various 4. From these numerical results, we can obtain the dimensionless surface shear stress…”

“…In the analyses of laminar mixed convection on vertical [1,2] and horizontal [3] plates maintained with uniform wall temperature (UWT) and uniform surface heat flux (UHF), we have introduced new buoyancy parameters which are with appropriate scales for the entire regimes of mixed convection intensity and Prandtl number. The general form of these buoyancy parameters can be written as (3) are introduced to properly scale the variables of forced convection [15] and free convection [16], respectively, for any In the transformation of the governing boundary-layer equations, we introduced new coordinates…”

“…The general form of these buoyancy parameters can be written as (3) are introduced to properly scale the variables of forced convection [15] and free convection [16], respectively, for any In the transformation of the governing boundary-layer equations, we introduced new coordinates…”

“…[5,6], and many others [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Most of the reported heat transfer results and correlations are restricted to a limited range of buoyancy parameter and Prandtl number as reviewed recently by Chen et al [5,6] and by the authors [1][2][3]. Correlations that covered the entire mixed convection regime have been proposed by Raju et al [11] for 0.1 _<Pr_< 10, and by Chen et al [5,6] for 0.1 _< P r _ 100.…”