Mixed hemimicelle magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction using carbon‐coated magnetic nanoparticles for the determination of tramadol in urine samples

Abstract

Ionic liquid carbon‐coated magnetic nanoparticles were successfully applied as an adsorbent in a mixed hemimicelle magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction method for the determination of tramadol from urine samples coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV‐vis detection. The significant parameters affect the extraction efficiency including type and amount of adsorbent, sample volume, pH, ionic strength, type and amount of elution solvent, time of extraction and desorption, time of ionic liquid loading on the adsorbent and stirring rate were studied and optimized. The proposed method provided a fast, straightforward, environmentally friendly and adsorbent recyclable approach for tramadol analysis. The linear range for the tramadol determination was from 100 to 1500 ng/mL. Precisions and accuracies were within 6%. The applicability of the proposed method in clinical trial was tried successfully on determination of tramadol in addicted subjects under tramadol therapy. The mean percent recovery of the patient samples was 94%. The results proved that the proposed method could be applied in clinical and forensic laboratories for determination of tramadol from biological urine samples.

The Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Effectiveness of Analytical Methods Used in the Monitoring of Human and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Biological and Environmental Samples—Trends and Perspectives

“…In consequence, the interactions between the mixed hemimicelles and the hydrophobic regions of target compounds were more intensive and the efficiency increased. Taghvimi et al [122] , which confirms data presented in (Figure 4). The imidazolium-based IL with a longer alkyl side chain was probably able to strengthen the directionality of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.…”

“…In consequence, the interactions between the mixed hemimicelles and the hydrophobic regions of target compounds were more intensive and the efficiency increased. Taghvimi et al [122] prepared mixed hemimicelle magnetic dispersive solidphase extraction (MHMDSPE) based on carbon-coated magnetic nanoparticles and supported by the IL (IL-C/MNPs) for the extraction of tramadol from urine samples. In this study, MHMDSPE conditions were optimized, including both the selection of the adsorbent type and the solvent used as a desorbing agent.…”

Developing a cube-like nanocomposite integrated into a polymer network as a highly porous and effective electrospun nanofiber for extracting trace quantities of opioid and analgesic drugs in biological fluids

“…To evaluate the superiority of the developed method to other reported techniques for the analysis of target drugs (OAs), the PT-SPE-HPLC-UV technique was investigated in terms of LOD, LOQ, DLR, RSD%, and ER% for the PAN/MOF Zn–Ni–Co OH/MWCNT sorbent. Based on the results reported in Table 3, 33–38 in addition to the comparable performance in figures of merit, the proposed method is superior to other techniques in terms of extraction time, desorption time, and volume of toxic eluent solvent. Therefore, according to the aforementioned matter and the minimal use of sorbent, the developed technique can be applied as a cheap, fast, reproducible, and environmentally friendly method for extracting and identifying trace amounts of OAs.…”

Extraction and determination of flavonoids in fruit juices and vegetables using Fe3O4/SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles modified with mixed hemi/ad‐micelle cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and high performance liquid chromatography

“…Nowadays, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) work as the sorbent for MSPE. Magnetic nanoparticles offer several advantages such as having a short time for extraction, small solvent consumption, low toxicity, low cost, and high extraction recovery .…”