Mixed Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Alginate-Polydopamine as Multifunctional Nanovehicles for Dual Modality: Targeted Imaging and Chemotherapy

Abstract

Integrating anticancer drugs and diagnostic agents in a polymer nanosystem is an emerging and promising strategy for improving cancer treatment. However, the development of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) for an "all-in-one" platform characterized by specific targeting, therapeutic efficiency, and imaging feedback remains an unmet clinical need. In this study, pH-responsive mixed-lanthanide-based multifunctional NPs were fabricated based on simple metal−ligand interactions for simultaneous cancer cell imaging and drug delivery. We investigated two new systems of alginate-polydopamine complexed with either terbium/europium or dysprosium/erbium oxide NPs (Tb/Eu@ AlgPDA or Dy/Er@AlgPDA NPs). Tb/Eu@AlgPDA NPs were then functionalized with the tumor-targeting ligand folic acid (FA) and loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) to form FA-Tb/Eu@AlgPDA-DOX NPs. Using such systems, the mussel-inspired property of PDA was introduced to improve tumor targetability and penetration, in addition to active targeting (via FA−folate receptor interactions). Determining the photoluminescence efficiency showed that the Tb/Eu@AlgPDA system was superior to the Dy/Er@AlgPDA system, presenting intense and sharp emission peaks on the fluorescence spectra. In addition, compared to Dy/Er@AlgPDA NPs (82.4%), Tb/ Eu@AlgPDA NPs exhibited negligible cytotoxicity with >93.3% HeLa cell viability found in MTT assays at NP concentrations of up to 0.50 mg/mL and high biocompatibility when incubated with zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae.

Biotin-Decorated PAMAM G4.5 Dendrimer Nanoparticles to Enhance the Delivery, Anti-Proliferative, and Apoptotic Effects of Chemotherapeutic Drug in Cancer Cells

“…Similarly, the high reactivity of the surface groups enable modification of the PAMAM dendrimer with different active targeting groups. Several active targeting ligands including monoclonal antibodies [16,28], peptides [29], transferrin, folic acid, and other vitamins [27,30,31] have been coupled to dendrimers to boost their cellular uptake and increase their efficiency as drug nanocarriers.…”

Bioinspired Composite, pH-Responsive Sodium Deoxycholate Hydrogel and Generation 4.5 Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Improves Cancer Treatment Efficacy via Doxorubicin and Resveratrol Co-Delivery

“…The release pattern of DOX from G4.5-DOX and that of RESV and DOX from Na-DOC-hyd-RESV+G4.5-DOX were tested in media of different pH (5.0, 6.5 and 7.4). DOX release studies from G4.5-DOX were performed based on a previously reported method [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 ]. Briefly, 1.0 mL G4.5-DOX solution was placed in a dialysis tube (membrane with 1 kDa MW cut-offs) and immersed in a separate vial containing 10 mL PBS at various pH (5.0, 6.5 and 7.4).…”

“…2.4.1. Doxorubicin Loading and Releasing of G4.5 PAMAM Dendrimer Doxorubicin encapsulation in G4.5 PAMAM dendrimer (G4.5-DOX) was performed based on previously reported method with some modifications [35][36][37][38]. Briefly, 10 mg G4.5 PAMAM was dissolved in 2 mL deionized water.…”

Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-Cancer Analysis of Sr0.5Ba0.5DyxSmxFe8−2xO19 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) Microsphere Nanocomposites

“…Barium nanoparticles have been used as drug carriers and treating cancer cells [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Dysprosium nanoparticles have been used for targeted cancer imaging and chemotherapy [ 25 , 26 ]. Samarium nanoparticles have also been reported to enhance anti-cancer activity [ 27 ] and deliver anti-cancer drugs [ 28 ].…”