Mixed Micellization and Spectroscopic Studies of Anti-Allergic Drug and Non-Ionic Surfactant in the Presence of Ionic Liquid

Abstract

In drug delivery, surfactants are used to reduce side effects and to increase drug efficiency. The present work aimed to study the interaction of diphenhydramine hydrochloride (anti-allergic drug) with TX–45 (non-ionic surfactant) in the absence and presence of ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride). The physicochemical parameters were estimated by the surface tension measurement. Various theoretical models (Clint, Rubingh, Motomura, and Maeda) were applied to determine the attractive behavior between drug and surfactant mixtures at the surface and in bulk. The drug and surfactant mixtures exhibit synergistic behavior in the absence and presence of ionic liquid. Several energetic parameters were also estimated with the assistance of regular solution approximation and pseudo phase separation model that indicate micelle formation and adsorption of surfactant at the surface is thermodynamically advantageous. The morphology of pure and mixture of amphiphiles has been estimated by the Tanford and Israelachvili theories. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to quantify the attractive behavior of the drug with surfactant with the help of a binding constant (K).

Ionic Liquids in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs) always face significant challenges associated with unfavorable distribution and pharmacokinetics of drug molecules in vivo, resulting in low bioavailability and harmful systemic side effects. Researchers have been continuously trying to improve drug delivery systems to improve drug bioavailability, reduce drug loss, and prevent adverse reactions [ 75 ]. When drugs are not incorporated into the delivery vehicle, the concentration of the drug in the body rapidly reaches a supra-optimal level, followed by a rapid decline to a sub-optimal level due to systemic metabolism or degradation in the circulation, which result in the inadequate absorption of the drug at the target site [ 76 , 77 ].…”

Binary Mixed Micelles of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide–Sodium Deoxycholate and Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide–Sodium Deoxycholate: Thermodynamic Stabilization and Mixed Micelle Solubilization Capacity of Daidzein (Isoflavonoid)

“…The aim of this investigation is the thermodynamic characterization (eqs –; see Table ) of binary mixtures of surfactants where one component is cationic while the other component is an anionic surfactant, whereby the hydrophobic segments of the surfactants differ in conformational mobility (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HA)–sodium deoxycholate (DC) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DA)–sodium deoxycholate (DC); see Figure ). In the examined surfactant mixtures, cations of quaternary amines are surfactants with conformationally flexible hydrocarbon chains, while the anion of deoxycholic acid is a surfactant with a conformationally rigid steroid skeleton (bile salt). , In binary mixed micelles consisting of cationic and anionic surfactants with hydrocarbon chains of approximately the same length, there are synergistic interactions; however, in the investigated surfactant mixtures, as the geometry and conformational mobility of the hydrophobic segments of the surfactants differ, packing problems are possible in the formed binary mixed micelles, and they can compensate for synergistic interactions. ,− A further goal is to determine the solubilization capacity of micellar (binary mixed micelles) aqueous solutions of HA–DC and DA–DC when solubilizing isoflavones (test molecule used that structurally fits between two concave surfaces (α sides) of the steroid skeleton: daidzein (D); see Figure ). One can ask whether binary mixtures of structurally different surfactants (i.e., binary mixed micelles) synergistically increase the micellar solubilization capacity compared to the solubilization capacity of monocomponent micelles and how the thermodynamic stabilization of binary mixed micelles affects their solubilization capacity.…”

Binding and occupancy properties of gabapentin in mixed surfactant systems

“…Low bioavailability due to hydrophobic drugs' poor solubilization is the main problem with drug treatment (Michael et al, 2021). Researchers rarely alter and improve the drug transport system in an attempt to increase drug bioavailability, lessen drug loss and deprivation, and mitigate negative side effects (Azum et al, 2021). Because the major component of the therapy is scarce, a large quantity of it is necessary.…”

“…Because the major component of the therapy is scarce, a large quantity of it is necessary. As a result, the adverse impacts of the medicine are magnified since it accumulates in locations other than where it is meant to (Azum et al, 2021). Surfactants are a type of delivery substance that can both solubilized the drug and improve its bioavailability.…”

“…The structure has a head that is hydrophilic or polar and a tail that is hydrophobic or nonpolar. Micelles provide a way for drugs to bypass the cell barrier, which they normally cannot do (Azum et al, 2021; Basu et al, 2023; Behari et al, 2022; Schittny et al, 2020). Micelles are a promising drug delivery method due to their many advantages in the areas of size, toxicity, drug solubility, and cytotoxicity regulation (Negut & Bita, 2023; Xu et al, 2023).…”