Mixed Nothofagus forest management: a crucial link between regeneration, site and microsite conditions

Sola, Georgina; Mujtar, Verónica El; Beltrán, Hernán Attis; Chauchard, Luis; Gallo, Leonardo

doi:10.1007/s11056-019-09741-w

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The community structure of regeneration in Nothofagus stands is heavily influenced by the abundance and size of canopy gaps (Dezzotti et al 2003;Sola et al 2020a) but also by eco-physiological interspecific differences (Loguercio et al 2018). It is known that after an opening, the pioneer species N. obliqua is the first to establish (Sola et al 2015;Sola et al 2020a). This species tolerates full sunlight better than the mid-shade-tolerant species N. alpina (Varela et al 2012), which establish later with a less aggregated pattern (Dezzotti 2008;Sola et al 2020a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that after an opening, the pioneer species N. obliqua is the first to establish (Sola et al 2015;Sola et al 2020a). This species tolerates full sunlight better than the mid-shade-tolerant species N. alpina (Varela et al 2012), which establish later with a less aggregated pattern (Dezzotti 2008;Sola et al 2020a). This occurs early during the regeneration recruitment, and it would explain the variability in stand structure (e.g., species composition, densities, and ages) within Nothofagus mixed forests (Donoso et al 2013;Sola et al 2016Sola et al , 2020aWeinberger and Ramírez 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alpina and N. obliqua are both wind-pollinated, outcrossing, and anemochorous tree species that exhibit a mast seeding strategy every 2 to 4 years. However, regeneration recruitment in mixed forests also depends on niche differentiation between both species (Dezzotti et al 2003;Sola et al 2020a) which in turn influence spatial demographic structure. Therefore, if spatial heterogeneity in the demographic structure and in the recruitment pattern of the regeneration occurs, it may affect FGSS within populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stand development stages and recruitment patterns influence fine-scale spatial genetic structure in two Patagonian Nothofagus species

Sola

Marchelli

Gallo

et al. 2022

Annals of Forest Science

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Key message Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst. and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst forests have strong fine-scale spatial genetic structures. The intensity of genetic structure patterns differed according to species, stand development stages, life stages, and spatial arrangement of regeneration groups. This data becomes useful for forest management as it provides an understanding of how populations evolve as well as of the consequences of disturbances and enables the establishment of sampling strategies. Context The understanding of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in natural populations is useful for forest management. Although Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst. and N. obliqua (Mirb.) are important species of the Patagonian forest, little is known about the genetic structure of their populations. Aims The main objectives were to investigate the differences in fine-scale spatial genetic structure among mature tree populations of both species considering two stands at different development stages. Genetic structure was also evaluated among life stages and spatial distribution groups of regeneration within the old-growth stand. Methods Genetic structure was examined by microsatellite DNA analysis of regeneration and mature tree populations of both species (around 1300 individuals). Gene dispersal distance was additionally estimated. Results In both stands and species, strong fine-scale spatial genetic structure and short dispersal distance were found. This pattern was stronger in the early successional forest, in N. obliqua populations, in earlier life stages, and in scattered regeneration. Conclusion Stand development stages and recruitment patterns influence the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of both Nothofagus species. However, the genetic structure also differs between species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stand development stages and recruitment patterns influence fine-scale spatial genetic structure in two Patagonian Nothofagus species

Sola

Marchelli

Gallo

et al. 2022

Annals of Forest Science

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“…Since 1988, a forest management monitoring program has been carried out in Lanín National Park, in which the composition, abundance, size and growth of recruited trees and seedlings are evaluated every 5 years, as well as the abundance of stump sprouts of N. obliqua and N. alpina (González Peñalba et al 2016). In addition, the abundance and dynamics of tree regeneration is a key indicator of forest management (Raison et al 2001), and for that reason it has been intensively assessed in the management area (Dezzotti et al 2003(Dezzotti et al , 2004Sola et al 2015;Dezzotti & Ponce 2018;Sola et al 2020). The mean regeneration density recorded included 4,963 seedlings ha -1 (height <2 m) and 5,735 saplings ha -1 (≥2 m) The response of Nothofagus stands to the shelterwood system is very positive considering the quantity and quality of the natural recruitment, whose values exceed the pre-established prescriptions.…”

Section: Silvicultural Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silviculture of South American temperate native forests

Donoso

Promis

Loguercio

et al. 2022

NZJFS

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Background: South America has the largest area of temperate forests in the Southern Hemisphere, which grow in diverse site conditions. The aim of this paper is to review the practices of silviculture applied and recommended for these temperate forests, and to discuss prospects to develop new silvicultural proposals to improve sustainability, adaptation and in-situ conservation of forest ecosystems. Methods: We reviewed the silviculture knowledge in four major forest types: 1) The Nothofagus-dominated forests of south-central Chile; 2) the Angiosperm-dominated evergreen forests; 3) the Nothofagus and Austrocedrus chilensis (D.Don) Pic. Serm. & Bizzarri forests in the Argentinean Northern Patagonia; and 4) the Cool temperate Nothofagus forests and Magellanic rainforests. Results: In Chile, both Nothofagus-dominated and Angiosperm-dominated evergreen forests are diverse in tree species, and mixed-species silviculture with commercially valuable species of variable shade tolerance is most promising. Some secondary forests can reach growth rates as high as 20 m3ha-1yr-1. After thinnings, stands with 35–60% of residual densities have shown the best responses in growth. Even-aged silvicultural methods have shown a rapid reorganization and development of new cohorts, although, where Chusquea species are conspicuous, regeneration establishment requires controlling competing vegetation. Preliminary results also show interesting prospects for single-tree selection cuts in uneven-aged forests. East of the Andes, in Argentina, mixed Nothofagus forests and pure and mixed Nothofagus and A. chilensis forests occur. The shelterwood method has been the most practised and successful in the mixed Nothofagus forests, with abundant regeneration, and good growth rates. For A. chilensis forests, an adaptive management approach is proposed, conditioned by the cypress disease attack (e.g., Phytophthora austrocedri). Conversion of pure A. chilensis to mixed A. chilensis–N. dombeyi forests could increase growth considerably. Finally, in the cool temperate Nothofagus forests and Magellanic rainforests, shared by Chile and Argentina, the regular shelterwood cuts have been the most common silvicultural method, with massive regeneration a decade after the regeneration felling. Since the two major Nothofagus species in these forests regenerate well in gaps, uneven-aged silviculture seems also promising. Conclusions: There is abundant knowledge about the silviculture of these forest types. However, there are opportunities for several silvicultural systems to better contribute to sustainable forest management, reverse forest degradation, and cope with climate change challenges, primarily through developing mixed and single-species productive and carbon-rich forests, with greater adaptive capacity.

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