Mixing phase behavior of trilaurin and monounsaturated triacylglycerols based on palmitic and oleic fatty acids

Macridachis, Jorge; Bayés-García, Laura; Calvet, Teresa

doi:10.1007/s10973-023-12421-9

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The cooling thermograms of the kernel fats are characterized by sharp events (T C1 ) at 11 • C for AAK and 14 • C for AVK and are similar to the crystallization behavior of the lauric-rich systems observed by Bouzidi et al [45] and Macridachis et al [46].…”

Section: Crystallizationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Molecular, Crystalline, and Microstructures of Lipids from Astrocaryum Species in Guyana and Their Thermal and Flow Behavior

Deonarine,

Soodoo,

Bouzidi

et al. 2024

Thermo

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The phase behavior of lipids extracted from Astrocaryum vulgare (AV) and Astrocaryum aculeatum (AA) pulp and kernels and their microstructural, thermal and flow properties were studied. The lipid profiles, crystal structures, microstructures, thermal stabilities and flow behaviors of these lipids provided important structure–function information that are useful to assess potential applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. AV and AA fruits were sourced from the lowlands and rainforests, respectively, of Guyana. AV and AA pulp oils (AVP and AAP) were distinguished from each other in composition and unsaturation, with AVP oils being predominated by a di-unsaturated TAG (2-(palmitoyloxy)propane-1,3-diyl dioleate (POO)) and AAP oils predominated by propane-1,2,3-triyl trioleate (OOO); there were unsaturation levels of 65% and 80%, respectively. The main fatty acids in AVP oils were oleic, palmitic and stearic; for AAP, these were oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic. The kernel fats of AV and AA were similar in composition and had saturation levels of 80%, being mainly comprised of tri-saturated TAGs propane-1,2,3-triyl tridodecanoate (LLL) and 3-(tetradecanoyloxy)propane-1,2-diyl didodecanoate (LML). The onset of mass loss (T5%on) of AV and AA pulp oils were similar at 328 ± 6 °C, which were 31 °C ± 9 higher compared to that of the kernel fats, which demonstrated similar T5%on = 293 ± 7 °C. AA and AV pulp oils were liquid at room temperature, with melting points of −5 ± 1 °C and 3 ± 1 °C, respectively; both kernel fats were solid at room temperature, packing in β′ (90% of crystals) and β (10% of crystals) polymorphic forms and melting almost identically at 30 ± 1 °C. Pulp oils demonstrated sporadic nucleation at the onset of crystallization with slow growth into rod-shaped crystallites, leading to an approximately 50% degree of crystallization at undercooling of approximately 40K. Nucleation for kernel fats was instantaneous at undercooling of approximately 23K, demonstrating a spherulitic growth pattern incorporating crystalline lamella and a 90% degree of crystallization. Kernel fats and pulp oils demonstrated Newtonian flow behavior and similar dynamic viscosity in the melt, approximately 28.5 mPa·s at 40 °C. The lipid profiles of AVP and AAP oils were dominated by unsaturated TAGs, suggesting potential nutrition and health benefits, particularly compared to other tropical oils with higher saturation levels, such as palm oil. AAP oil in particular is as unsaturated as olive oil, contains high levels of beta carotene and provides a unique flavor profile. The AAK and AVK lipid profiles and phase transformation indicate potential for applications where a high solid fat content and medium-chain fatty acids are required. Their high lauric and myristic acid content makes them similar to industrially important tropical oils (coconut and palm kernel), suggesting their use in similar formulations. The melting point and plasticity of the kernel fats are similar to that of cocoa and shea butters, suggesting use as replacements in cosmetics, foods and confections. There is, however, the need to better understand their nutritional status and effects on health.

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Section: Crystallizationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Molecular, Crystalline, and Microstructures of Lipids from Astrocaryum Species in Guyana and Their Thermal and Flow Behavior

Deonarine,

Soodoo,

Bouzidi

et al. 2024

Thermo

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“…Under these considerations, the binary system can be thought of on average as one made of two distinct "average TAG" molecules: a medium-chain lauric and myristic-acids TAG with a molecular mass of 687.27 g/mol on average for AVK (AVK primarily consisting of medium-chain saturated TAGs, such as LLL, LLM and MMM), and a long-chain oleic and palmitic-acids TAG with a molecular mass of 867.99 g/mol for AVP (predominantly consisting of long-chain unsaturated TAGs, including POO, PPO and OOO). This interpretation is corroborated by recent work on the mixing phase behavior of trilaurin and monounsaturated triacylglycerols based on palmitic and oleic fatty acids [70]. The phase diagrams of LLL/POP and LLL/PPO binary systems not only parallel the AVK/AVP binary system in terms of mixing behavior, they also show eutectic points at the very close level (XPPO and XPOP = ~0.8).…”

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confidence: 76%

Extending the Physical Functionality of Bioactive Blends of Astrocaryum Pulp and Kernel Oils from Guyana

Bouzidi,

Deonarine,

Soodoo

et al. 2024

Cosmetics

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Natural lipids with nutritional or therapeutic benefits that also provide desired texture, melting and organoleptic appeal (mouthfeel, skin feel) are difficult to procure for the food and cosmetics industries. Natural Astrocaryum pulp oil (AVP) and kernel fat (AVK) from Guyana were blended without further modification to study the potential of extending the physical functionality of the blends beyond that of crude AVK and AVP. An evaluation of non-lipid components by ESI-MS indicated twenty-four (24) bioactive molecules, mainly carotenoids (90%), polyphenols (9%) and sterols (1%) in AVP, indicating important health and therapeutic benefits. Only trace-to-negligible amounts of these compounds were detected in AVK. The thermal transition phase behavior, solid fat content (SFC), microstructure and textural properties of five AVP/AVL blends were used to construct phase diagrams of the AVK/AVP binary system. Binary phase diagrams constructed from the cooling and heating DSC thermograms of the mixtures and description of the liquidus line indicated a mixing behavior close to ideal with a tendency for order, with no phase separation. Melting onsets, solid fat content and measurements of solid-like texture all predictively increased with increasing AVK content. The descriptive decay parameters obtained for SFC, crystal size, hardness, firmness and spreadability were similar and predictive and indicate the way the binary system structure approaches that of a liquid or a functional solid. The bioactive content of the blends was accurately calculated; the work provides a blueprint for the blending of AVP and AVK to deliver targeted bioactive content, stability, spreadability, texture, melting profile, organoleptic appeal and solid content. SFCs at 20 °C ranged from 9.1% to 39.1%, melting onset from −17.5 °C to 27.8 °C, hardness from 0.1 N to 3.5 N and spreadability from 3.3 N·s to 147.1 N·s; indicating a useful dynamic range of physical properties suitable for bioactive oils to bioactive butters.

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Mixing phase behavior of trilaurin and monounsaturated triacylglycerols based on palmitic and oleic fatty acids

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Molecular, Crystalline, and Microstructures of Lipids from Astrocaryum Species in Guyana and Their Thermal and Flow Behavior

Molecular, Crystalline, and Microstructures of Lipids from Astrocaryum Species in Guyana and Their Thermal and Flow Behavior

Extending the Physical Functionality of Bioactive Blends of Astrocaryum Pulp and Kernel Oils from Guyana

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