Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Spark Ignition Engine with Direct Fuel Injection

Spiegel, L.; Spicher, Ulrich

doi:10.4271/920521

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The PDF of FMF in Cases 4-7 was consistent with the characteristics of the separated mixture. The optimal concentration range of the separated mixture was low compared to the homogeneous mixture [9]. It can be concluded that at the same speed, the lower the load, the better the in-cylinder stratified mixing performance.…”

Section: The Effect Of Engine Multiple Working Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, it is difficult to achieve accurate control of the mixing and combustion process for PFI, which limits the development of CNG engines. With the maturity of DI technology, the combination of gas fuel and DI technology will become a development trend in future [7][8][9]. The gas fuel DI technology can eliminate the volumetric efficiency loss due to the PFI mode, avoid fuel loss during the scavenging process and facilitate the suppression of knocking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixing performance for CNG engines can be divided into homogeneous mixtures and stratified mixtures [8,9]. At high loads and steady speeds, the gas fuel needs to be sufficiently mixed with air to increase the engine power and meet the vehicle's driving performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and Simulation Analysis of Mixing Performance for Gas Fuel Direct Injection Engine under Multiple Working Conditions

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

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Gas fuel direct injection (DI) technology can improve the control precision of the in-cylinder mixing and combustion process and effectively avoid volumetric efficiency reduction in a compressed natural gas (CNG) engine, which has been a tendency. However, compared with the port fuel injection (PFI) method, the former’s mixing path and duration are shortened greatly, which often leads to poor mixing uniformity. What is worse, the in-cylinder mixing performance would be seriously affected by engine working conditions, such as engine speed and load. Based on this situation, the fluid mechanics software FLUENT is used in this article, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the injection and mixing process in a gas-fueled direct injection engine is established. A quantitative evaluation mechanism of the in-cylinder mixing performance of the CNG engine is proposed to explore the influencing rule of different engine speeds and loads on the mixing process and performance. The results indicate that phase space analysis can accurately reflect the characteristics of the mixture mixing process. The gas fuel mixture rapidly occupies the cylinder volume in the injection stage. During the transition stage, the gas fuel mixture is in a highly transient state. The diffusion stage is characterized by the continuous homogenization of the mixture. The in-cylinder mixing performance is linearly dependent on the engine’s working condition in the phase space.

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Section: The Effect Of Engine Multiple Working Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and Simulation Analysis of Mixing Performance for Gas Fuel Direct Injection Engine under Multiple Working Conditions

Wang

Chen

et al. 2023

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“…The challenge is to inject the fuel into this small volume without forming liquid films on any walls, while simultaneously distributing the fuel vapor to utilize all available air. Wall wetting and low air entrainment would lead to increased soot particle formation (Zhao 2009;Kim and Park 2006;Peterson and Sick 2009;Spiegel and Spicher 2010). Thus, a main task in the engine development is the spray layout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of limited-view tomography for measurement of Spray G plume direction and liquid volume fraction

et al. 2020

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The method for direct injection of fuel in the cylinder of an IC engines is important to high-efficiency and low-emission performance. Optical spray diagnostics plays an important role in understanding plume movement and interaction for multihole injectors, and providing baseline understanding used for computational optimization of fuel delivery. Traditional planar or line-of-sight diagnostics fail to capture the liquid distribution because of optical thickness concerns. This work proposes a high-speed (67 kHz) extinction imaging technique at various injector rotations coupled to computed tomography (CT) for time-resolved reconstruction of liquid volume fraction in three dimensions. The number of views selected and processing were based on synthetic (modeled) liquid volume fraction data where extinction and CT adequately reconstructed each plume. The exercise showed that for an 8-hole, symmetric-design injector (ECN Spray G), only three different views are enough to reproduce the direction of each plume, and particularly the mean plume direction. Therefore, the number of views was minimized for experiments to save expense. Measurements applying this limited-view technique confirm plume-plume variations also detected with mechanical patternation, while providing better spatial and temporal resolution than achieved previously. Uncertainties due to the limited view within pressurized spray chambers, the droplet size, and optically thick regions are discussed.

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“…The fuel is injected early during the intake stroke so more time is available for air-fuel mixture formation. During this mode of operations, the engine operates with a near stoichiometric mixture which, in turn, decreases NO x emissions, and thus EGR is not used [3][4][5][6]. The main issue is to achieve these kinds of mixture modes with different in-cylinder flow structures under these operating conditions, which control the mixture formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Inlet Port Flow under Steady-State Conditions Using PIV and POD

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The current study demonstrates an experimental investigation of the tumble flow structures using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) under steady-state conditions considering the central vertical tumble plane. The experiments were carried out on a four-valve, pent-roof Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine head at different valve lifts and with a pressure difference of 150 mmH 2 O across the intake valves. Furthermore, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analytical technique was applied to PIV-measured velocity vector maps to characterize the flow structures at various valve lifts, and hence the different rig tumble values. The results show that at low valve lifts (1 to 5 mm), 48.9 to 46.6% of the flow energy is concentrated in the large (mode 1) eddies with only 8.4 to 11.46% in mode 2 and 7.2 to 7.5 in mode 3. At high valve lifts, it can be clearly seen that some of the energy in the large eddies of mode 1 is transferred to the smaller flow structures of modes 2 and 3. This can be clearly seen at valve lift 10 mm where the values of the flow energy were 40.6%, 17.3%, and 8.0% for modes 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

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Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Spark Ignition Engine with Direct Fuel Injection

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation and Simulation Analysis of Mixing Performance for Gas Fuel Direct Injection Engine under Multiple Working Conditions

Evaluation and Simulation Analysis of Mixing Performance for Gas Fuel Direct Injection Engine under Multiple Working Conditions

Development of limited-view tomography for measurement of Spray G plume direction and liquid volume fraction

Characterization of the Inlet Port Flow under Steady-State Conditions Using PIV and POD

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