Mobile educational tool based on augmented reality technology for tooth carving: results of a prospective cohort study

Abstract

Background In this study, an augmented reality (AR)-based tooth carving practice tool (TCPT) was developed and evaluated. This study aimed to reduce the difficulties faced by beginners in tooth carving practice, supplement the time and space constraints of the practice model that is only used in the laboratory, and increase user convenience. Methods The tooth carving process was performed using a sequential three-dimensional (3D) model. The camera of a mobile device with an Android operating system was used to recognize the image markers, and the process of carving a tooth was displayed on the screen and sequentially implemented in AR. According to the stage of tooth completion, the maxillary canine and maxillary first premolar were modeled in 16 steps, the mandibular first premolar in 13 steps, and the mandibular first molar in 14 steps. Based on the learner’s carving stage, the user assessed the step-by-step tooth carving process that was augmented and displayed on the screen of the mobile device. In a dental morphology practice class, 79 participants were randomly selected for user evaluation; of these, 40 were in the control group using a plastic model and 39 were in the experimental group using the AR-TCPT. Results The scores of user experience with AR-TCPT was evaluated as high and was approved for motivation, understanding, memory, visualization, repeatability, user convenience, flexibility, easy operation, interaction, enjoyment, confirmation of tooth shape, and provision of information for tooth carving. Conclusion AR-TCPT can help learners effectively carve teeth and easily understand the teeth carving stage in 3D compared with traditional practice tools.