Mobile Phone Indicators and Their Relation to the Socioeconomic Organisation of Cities

Abstract

Thanks to the use of geolocated big data in computational social science research, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of human activities is increasingly being revealed. Paired with smaller and more traditional data, this opens new ways of understanding how people act and move, and how these movements crystallise into the structural patterns observed by censuses. In this article we explore the convergence between mobile phone data and more traditional socioeconomic data from the national census in French cities. We extract mobile phone indicators from six months worth of Call Detail Records (CDR) data, while census and administrative data are used to characterize the socioeconomic organisation of French cities. We address various definitions of cities and investigate how they impact the statistical relationships between mobile phone indicators, such as the number of calls or the entropy of visited cell towers, and measures of economic organisation based on census data, such as the level of deprivation, inequality and segregation. Our findings show that some mobile phone indicators relate significantly with different socioeconomic organisation of cities. However, we show that relations are sensitive to the way cities are defined and delineated. In several cases, changing the city delineation rule can change the significance and even the sign of the correlation. In general, cities delineated in a restricted way (central cores only) exhibit traces of human activity which are less related to their socioeconomic organisation than cities delineated as metropolitan areas and dispersed urban regions.

City limits in the age of smartphones and urban scaling

“…Important contributions have already shown the importance of using ICT for understanding the structure and dynamics of cities [7]. Cottineau & Vanhoof [29] have recently addressed the limitations of big-data in the generation of traditional urban indicators. Using arbitrary definitions of cities they evaluated how measures drawn from CDR may statistically relate to socioeconomic indicators.…”

“…Although several studies have recently questioned the methodology [21,22], there is little doubt about its importance [2,23,24]. A candidate solution to solve this controversy lies in the unification of spatial definitions of the urban environment, as geographical delimitation has been associated with the great variability of scaling coefficients for various urban functions [25,26,27,28,29].…”

Uncovering the Relationship between Human Connectivity Dynamics and Land Use

“…One recent study conducted by Cottineau et al showed the relation of mobile phone data indicators such as number of calls, active days, duration of calls, entropy, etc. and socioeconomic organization of cities [34]. They showed how mobile phone data together with census and administrative data could be used for urban development.…”

Human-Centric Data Science for Urban Studies

“…Two studies exploited mobile phone technology for urban research purposes [58,59]. Cottineau and Vanhoof [58] followed a computational social science approach and related massive call data records with socioeconomic census data in France, unveiling the potential for detailed insights into urban socioeconomic organization. Osaba et al [59] used a completely different method, deploying a smartphone-based system of human behavior analysis in a "senseable space".…”